𝕊𝕡𝕠𝕣𝕥𝕤 ³⁶⁰

বিভিন্ন নদীর শাখানদী উপনদী মনে রাখার টেকনিক

Covalent Bond

⚡ Resistance vs Resistivity — #জয়কেমিস্ট্রি

#জয়কেমিস্ট্রি

Common name of same chemicals
#জয়কেমিস্ট্রি

Ionic bond

The image compares the molecular shapes and polarity of CH₄, NH₃, and H₂O based on the VSEPR theory. In methane (CH₄), the central carbon atom has no lone pairs, resulting in a tetrahedral shape with a bond angle of 109.5°. Because the molecule is symmetrical, the dipole moments cancel out, making it non-polar. In ammonia (NH₃), nitrogen contains one lone pair, producing a trigonal pyramidal shape with a reduced bond angle of 107°. The dipoles do not cancel completely, so NH₃ is a polar molecule. Water (H₂O) has two lone pairs on oxygen, giving it a bent or V-shaped structure with a bond angle of 104.5°. Greater lone pair repulsion decreases the bond angle further and increases polarity. The order of repulsion is LP–LP > LP–BP > BP–BP. This concept was explained by Ronald J. Gillespie through the VSEPR theory.

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