Foodefenseinitiative

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Check Comment session for inclusion level and Guide.

📊 Research on Dry Pepper and Charcoal in Broiler Feed

🔥 Dry Pepper (Capsicum / Black Pepper) as a Feed Additive

1. Growth Performance and Feed Efficiency
Studies show that including black pepper powder in broiler diets can enhance growth performance and improve feed conversion. Birds fed diets containing black pepper had higher body weight gain and improved feed conversion ratios compared to control groups without pepper supplementation. (EKB Journals)

A separate Nigerian study found that black pepper at 1 g/kg (0.1%) improved broiler weight gain and feed efficiency compared with birds on controls. (njap.org.ng)

2. Blood and Health Parameters
Black pepper contains piperine, a bioactive compound with antioxidant and health-supporting properties. Supplementation has been linked to:

Lower blood cholesterol and LDL

Higher total protein and globulin levels

Improved gut morphology (e.g., increased villus height)
These changes suggest better nutrient absorption and potential immune support. (EKB JournalOther research indicates that combinations of pepper with other phytogenics may reduce oxidative stress and improve biochemical health markers in poultry, though effects can vary with pepper type and dosage. (Springer)

3. Gut Health and Microbiota
Pepper supplementation has been shown to influence gut microbial populations and immune parameters, sometimes lowering harmful bacteria and supporting overall gut health — a key factor in feed efficiency and disease resistance. (li01.tci-thaijo.org)

👉 Takeaway: Dry pepper can be a phytogenic (plant-based) additive that may support growth, improve feed conversion, and influence health markers — provided it’s included at appropriate levels and balanced with overall nutritional needs.

🪵 Charcoal (Biochar / Activated Charcoal) in Broiler Diets

1. Growth and Performance Effects
Research in Nigeria found that charcoal added to broiler diets (1.0–2.5%) improved body weight gain and feed conversion ratios compared with diets without charcoal. Some levels also increased daily feed intake and reduced excess abdominal fat. (njast.com.ng)

Similarly, international studies on charcoal (biochar) showed that small amounts (around 0.2–0.6%) can improve weight gain and feed efficiency, especially when charcoal is derived from plant material like maize cobs. (MDPI)

2. Nutrient Digestibility and Gut Microbiota
Charcoal supplementation has been reported to:

Enhance nutrient digestibility

Reduce harmful gut microbes (like coliforms)

Support a more favorable intestinal microbiome
Compared to controls, broilers fed diets with low levels of charcoal showed better digestibility and intestinal health markers. (njap.org.ng)

3. Toxin Binding and Health Protection
Charcoal can adsorb certain toxins such as aflatoxin B1 when present in contaminated feed, reducing its negative effects on growth and health. This function makes charcoal a potential mycotoxin mitigator in feeds with contamination risk. (lrrd.org)

👉 Takeaway: Charcoal (especially at low inclusion rates) can act as a functional additive that supports nutrient utilization, gut health, and even toxin binding — but high levels may not further improve performance and require balanced formulation.

🧠 Summary of Documented Benefits

AdditivePotential Benefits in BroilersDry Pepper (Capsicum/Black Pepper)Increased body weight gain, improved feed conversion, antioxidant effects, positive changes in blood markers, better gut morphology and nutrient absorption. (EKB Journals)Charcoal (Biochar/Activated Charcoal)Enhanced feed digestibility, improved gut microbial balance, reduced harmful bacteria, possible toxin adsorption, improved carcass traits and lower abdominal fat. (njast.com.ng)

⚠️ Notes & Practical Considerations

Inclusion rates matter: Excessive amounts of charcoal or pepper may not produce further benefits and could negatively affect feed intake or utilization. (MDPI)

Balance with diet formulation: These additives should complement a nutritionally complete feed, not replace essential protein, energy, and vitamin/mineral components.

Field vs controlled research: Results vary by breed, environment, feed base, and additive quality; careful trialing at small scale is recommended before widespread adoption.

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Honey! Honey!!Honey!!!
🍯

*What You Should Know About Honey*

Not all honey is the same, and understanding the differences will help you choose better:

*1. Raw Honey*

Collected straight from the hive with no processing.

It contains natural enzymes, pollen, vitamins, and antioxidants and excellent for health and medical purposes.

Kindly note that crystallization is normal – raw honey may thicken or form sugar-like crystals over time due to factors such as low or cold temperature, standing untouched for a long time, presence of pollens, natural enzymes etc. This is not spoilage and does not mean the honey is fake. In fact, crystallization is a natural proof of purity as adulterated honey can never crystalize.

*2. Pasteurized Honey*

This type of honey is heated to high temperatures to prevent crystallization and give it a smoother and nice appearance.

This process often destroys natural enzymes and reduces nutritional value hence not suitable for health or medical purposes but excellent as a natural sweetener.

It looks clearer on the shelf but is less beneficial than raw honey.

*3. Adulterated Honey*

Mixed with sugar, syrup, or other additives to increase quantity and profit.
It may look attractive and stay liquid longer, but it lacks the natural goodness of real honey and maybe detrimental to health.

Adulteration reduces quality, health benefits, taste and can be very dangerous to health by causing health complications.

*Remember:*

Crystallization = a natural sign of purity in raw honey. Non-crystallizing honey doesn’t always mean better; it may just be pasteurized or, in worst cases, adulterated.

To return crystallized honey to liquid form, gently warm the jar in warm water (do not boil).

Pure honey is a gift from nature. Trust the crystals—they’re proof you’re enjoying the real thing! .

At *Green vine integrated FARMS *

🐝🐝🐝
📒 Did you know that a tablespoon of 🍯 honey is enough to keep a person alive for 24 hours?
📒 Did you know that one of the world's first coins featured the symbol of a bee?
📒 Did you know that honey contains living enzymes?
📒 Did you know that when it comes into contact with a metal spoon, these enzymes die?
▪️ The best way to eat honey is with a wooden spoon; if you can't find one, use a plastic spoon.
📒 Did you know that honey contains a substance that helps the brain function better?
📒 Did you know that honey is one of the few foods on Earth that can sustain human life on its own?
📒 Did you know that bees saved people from starvation in Africa?
📒 Did you know that propolis, produced by bees, is one of the most powerful natural antibiotics?
📒 Did you know that honey has no expiration date?
📒 Did you know that the bodies of the world's greatest emperors were buried in golden coffins and then covered with honey to prevent decomposition?
📒 Did you know that the term "honeymoon" comes from the tradition of newlyweds consuming honey to boost fertility after marriage?
📒 Did you know that a bee lives less than 40 days, visits at least 1,000 flowers, and produces less than a teaspoon of honey, but for the bee, it is the work of an entire lifetime?
Thank you, precious bees..! 🐝💕
Honey

Apis Bee's
Original honey Confirmed.

50cl.... #3000

1litre.... #6000

5litres ...30,500k

10litres .. 61k

20litres . 122k
Contact
09153151551
08037204903.
Address
1 Alahja Street by Morak Hotel Idomogun Ogijo Shagamu Ogun .
Green vine integrated Farms Int'l Ltd .
Emmanuel Essien.