07/21/2026
Calkins et al. searched 190 U.S. academic teaching hospitals for IJSPT (2026).
Only 51 had an ACL protocol you could actually find.
They analyzed 119 of those protocols. Four findings stand out.
• 55% listed no return-to-sport criteria at all
• 44% never defined an end to the final phase. Rehab just trails off at “6+ months”
• Where a symmetry threshold was set, the bar ranged from 80% to 100%
• Of the protocols that did set criteria, only 25% asked whether the athlete felt ready
That is not a documentation problem. That is a framework problem.
And it raises questions worth sitting with:
• Are surgeons and rehab teams aligned on when sport is actually the goal?
• Are functional targets being set at intake, or improvised at month seven?
• Is the protocol ending because the athlete is ready, or because the visits ran out?
• All of the above?
The last phase of rehab is usually the last time anyone with clinical training
sees that athlete. If the protocol goes quiet there, the athlete fills the gap
on their own.
What is your program’s biggest barrier to defining return-to-sport criteria?