王銳勳武學講壇

武學新論上篇
(二) 永垂不朽的思維
New Explanation of Martial Arts Knowledge (Part 1)
2>Immortal Ideology

1) 陰陽五行
陰陽五行思想是根深蒂固於中国文化的學術思想，＂陰陽＂的概念早見於「易經」及老子「道德經」。＂五行＂的概念早見於尚書。在早期，相信陰陽與五行各自為說，及至戰國時代漸漸結合而成一種陰陽五行學說。
「周易.擊辭」曰: ＂易有太極是生两儀，兩儀生四象，四象生八卦，八卦定吉凶，吉凶生大業。＂又於老子「道德經」第四十二章云：＂道生一，一生二，二生三，三生萬物。萬物負陰抱陽冲氣以為和。＂其含義說＂易＂與＂道＂是創生萬物的歷程及其運行的法則。
＂易＂之涵義有＂變易＂和＂不易＂两義。變易的說法，易以日月而成字，取象陰陽，日往月來，陰陽流動，白雪蒼狗，瞬息萬變，凡此現象，乃＂變易＂研究的範圍。不易的說法，宇宙萬物生成的現象，雖變易靡定，但變易之中，有不變者在，所謂熱極則風，壅極則通，月盈必虧，花盛必謝等現象，此是＂不易＂之原理和法則，若持＂不易＂之原理法則，以研究＂變易＂之現象，即是＂易＂與＂道＂矣。
五行之涵義，「尚書.洪範」記載，武王克殷後二年，問箕子殷所以亡，箕子不忍言殷惡，以存亡國宣告。箕子以九章治國網領回答武王。初一（第一章），曰五行：＂一曰水，二曰火，三曰木，四曰金，五曰土。水曰潤下，火曰炎上，木曰曲直，金曰從革，土爰稼穡。潤下作咸，炎上作苦，曲直作酸，從革作辛，稼穡作甘。＂上述說，物物生化有其特性，自然現象的變化有其規律，無論國家與百姓都要順天而行，不可悖離。
五行之原理本乎上古時出現「河圖」「洛書」之數。「河圖」：＂一六居北，二七居南，三八居東，四九居西，五於中。至於六以成水，七以成火，八以成木，九以成金，十以成土。＂惟此謂水火木金土，但非謂後天寶際有形體之水火木金土，而是太空氣化中蘊育之＂濕＂為水源頭，＂熱＂為火源頭，＂溫＂為木源頭，＂寒＂為金源頭，＂中和＂之氣為土源頭而已，蓋陰陽二氣相交，化成五種性能以行其作育功。至於水之所以為一，火為二，木為三，金為四，土為五，此就其產生之層次，是謂＂生數＂。然而太空之氣濕熱溫寒皆得偏之性，最後必有＂中和＂者冲之，故曰土生於五。待其五種功能產生後，又復順序氣化成五種具形體的水火木金土，以數記之，即六七ハ九十。依「河圖」之排列，六七八九十佈於一二三四五之外，表示另一循環之程序是謂＂成数＂。
「洛書」分四維四正，陽居於正，而陰數居於維，八卦因之而定位。一九合十居正，二八合十居維，三七合十居正，四六合十居維，五獨居中。又說陰陽之氣運行有五行，陽之運行為一三五七九，陰之運行為二四六八十，陽居先而陰保後，陽為奇而陰為偶，陰陽二氣之運行各分為五，故謂五行。蓋陰陽二氣之運行雖僅為五之數，則五之後，又各分陰陽之二，二之後又各有運行之五，二五互推，其行無窮無盡了。

2. 天人合一
＂天人相應＂與＂天人合一＂的觀念
＂黃帝內經＂實際上根據易學陰陽五行的原理，創造出養生，治病，藥理，醫理等的中醫學系統而成書。「內經.素問」五運氣論：＂氣有餘，則制己所勝而悔所不勝；其不及，則己所不勝侮而乘之。己所勝轻而侮之。＂中醫將五行學說以五行屬性及其生剋乘侮規律，來說明人體臟腑病變的影響。其區别是：相乘是按五行的相剋次序發生過強的克制現象；相侮是與五行相剋次序相反方向的克制現象。兩者之間的聯繫是：在發生相乘時，也可發生相悔，發生相侮時，也可同時發生相乘。如：木過強時，既可以乘土，又可以悔金，金虛時，既可以受到木的反侮，又可受到火乘，因而相乘與相悔之間存在著密切的聯繫。這種病理傳變，中醫認為運用生剋乘悔的規律，可控制疾病和診療。
素來醫家道家都重視養生治未病，也根據自然界產生四氣（春生、夏長、秋收、冬藏)的現象，提出＂四時五行＂養生觀。以空間結構的五方化為東，南，中，西，北，以時間結構的五季化為春、夏、長夏、秋、冬，以自然界現象結構的四氣化為風、暑、濕、燥、寒，以人體結構的五臟對應肝為木，心為火，脾為土，肺為金，腎為水，五腑對應膽為木，小陽為火，胃為土，大腸為金，膀胱為水。這是中醫傳統＂天人相應＂的養生觀，透過類比象法，將人體結構和生理病理現象與五行進行配伍，以此說明人與自然界的辨證統一。
關於＂天人合一＂的觀念，是指上古時＂伏羲氏＂在治理天下的時候根據「河圖」「洛書」創作了先天八卦，揭示天地宇宙之本來，首先發現萬物生成演化，皆不出陰陽，故則之衍之為兩儀，四象，八卦，以之與神明的德性相通，亦顯示萬物之造化。故云八卦定天地之位，天地為一太極，而物物一太極，凡物皆有太極。故以人而言，人身便為小太極，亦有天地定位，亦有八卦配人身。則乾為首，坤為腹，震為足，巽為股，坎為耳，艮為手，離為目，兌為口。乾為天也，陽也。人之首居上法天。坤為腹，三陰經皆會於腹。震卦的卦性主動，因一陽在下，人身陽氣自下而生，故象震。巽卦一陰在下，二陽於上，此為人體特殊形狀相配。坎卦屬水配腎，主管腎水，腎開竅於耳。離卦屬火配目，火發光發熱，其大象為日。艮卦為手，艮與震成反對，震於陽在下故配足，艮為陽在上故配手。兌卦上缺似口，兌為澤，主津液，如天之露澤。

1)Yin Yang and Five Elements
The yin-yang and five-element thought is an academic thought deeply rooted in Chinese culture. The concept of "yin and yang" has long been seen in the "Book of Yi" and Laozi's "Tao De Jing".The concept of "five elements" has long been seen in Shangshu. In the early days, it was believed that yin and yang and the five elements were separate, In the Warring States Period, it gradually combined into a theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements.
``Zhou Yi. Hit Ci'' said: "Yi included Tai Chi is the birth of two rituals, the two rituals give rise to the four images, and the four images give rise to Bagua, Bagua sets good and bad, good and bad produce great cause. And in the 42nd chapter of Laozi's "Tao De Jing":"Tao begets one, one life two, two begets three, three begets everything. All things embrace the yin and embrace the yang and think of harmony. "The meaning of "yi" and "dao" are the process of creating all things and the rule of operation.
The meaning of "yi" has two meanings: "changyi" and "Unchange". Wording of Yi change: Yi is written by the sun and the moon, taking like yin and yang, As the sun goes by, the yin and yang flow, such similar as snow and cloud, changing rapidly, All this phenomenon is the scope of "Yi" research. Wording of Yi Unchange, The phenomenon of the creation of everything in the universe, Although Yi change not fixed, but in the change, there are non-changed stand, The so-called hot pole leads to wind, while choking pole leads to the passage,full moom return cave in, blossom return withering, all this were the rule of Yi unchanged. If we hold the principle of "Yi unchange",
To study the phenomenon of "Yi", It is "yi" and "dao".
The meaning of the five elements, "Shang Shu. Hong Fan" records, Two years after Wu Wang Ke Yin Asking Jizi why Yin die, Jizi can’t bear to speak his evil, Declared to survive the country. Jizi responded to King Wu with the Nine Chapters of Governing the Country. The first day (Chapter 1), wrote five elements: "One is water, second is fire, third is wood, fourth is gold, and fifth is earth. The water mens run down, the fire means flame up, Wood means to be straight and crooked, the gold is means transform , and the earh means to be built.Moisturizing for taste,inflammation for bitter fate, crooked with straight means patience, transform means toil, built means benefit. As mentioned above, the biochemistry of objects has its characteristics, The changes of natural phenomena have their own system . Both the country and the people must comply with and not deviate.
The principle of the five elements is based on the number of "He map" and "Luo book" in ancient times. He map": "One & Six in the north, two & seven in the south, three & eight in the east, four & nine in the west, and five in the middle. As for six to make water, seven to make fire, eight to make wood, and nine to make gold, Ten to become soil. "But this is called water, fire, wood, gold and earth, but not the tangible water, fire, wood, gold and earth . But the "humidity" contained in the atmosphere is the source of water, "heat" is the source of fire, "warm" is the source of wood, and "cold" is the source of gold. The air of "neutralization" is just the source of the earth, Cover with yin and yang, It can be transformed into five properties to perform its breeding work. As for the reason why water is one, fire is two, wood is three, gold is four, and earth is five, This is the level of its generation, which is called "success number". However, the dampness, heat, and coldness of space are all biased. In the end, there must be a "neutralizing" thing , so it is said that the native was born in five. After the five functions are produced, they will be gasified into five concrete forms of water, fire, wood, and earth. Record it in numbers, that is, six seven eight nine and ten. . According to the arrangement of "He Map", Six, seven, eight, nine and ten are distributed beyond one, two, three, four, five, The program that represents another cycle is called "success number".
"Luo Book" is divided into four dimensions and four positives. The yang resides in the positive, and the yin resides in the dimension, Bagua is positioned for this reason.One ,nine become ten position middle. Two,Eight become ten position dimension. Three, seven become ten position positive. Four, six become ten position dimension. Five stand middle. It is also said that there are five elements in the movement of yin and yang, The movement of the Yang is one three five seven nine, The movement of Yin is two, four, six, eigh, ten. Yang front and Yin rear. Yang is odd and Yin is even number. The movement of yin and yang is divided into five, So it is called the five elements. Although the operation of covering the yin and yang is only five, After five, they are divided into yin and yang. After the second, there are five operations, Two and five push each other, and the line is endless.

2) The concept of "correspondence and unity between man and nature"
The "Huangdi Neijing" is actually based on the principle of Yin and Yang and the Five Elements in the Book of Yi, He created a book of Chinese medicine systems for health preservation, disease treatment, pharmacology, and medical science. "Neijing. Suwen" Five circinate qi Theory: "If you are more angry, you will control what you have won and regret what you lose; If it is not enough, it will be overridden by insults. What has been won is light and insulting. "Traditional Chinese medicine takes the Five Elements Theory with the attributes of the Five Elements and the rule of their birth and restraint, To illustrate the impact of human viscera disease. The difference is: multiplication is a phenomenon of excessive restraint in the order of the five elements; Confrontation is a phenomenon of restraint in the opposite direction of the order of the five elements. The connection between the two is: when multiplication occurs, regret can also occur, opposite is same. For example: When the wood is too strong, you can take advantage of the soil and regret the gold. When gold weak, you can be countered by the wood, but also by the fire. Therefore, there is a close relationship between multiplication and regret. This kind of pathological changes, Chinese medicine believes that the use of the rule of life and repentance can control disease and diagnosis and treatment.
Taoists and physicians have always attached great importance to health preservation and treatment of disease prevention. It also produces the four qi according to nature(Spring birth, summer growth, autumn harvest, winter storage) Put forward the concept of "four season and five elements" health preservation. Taking the five directions of the spatial structure into east, south, center, west and north, The five seasons in a time structure are transformed into spring, summer, long summer, autumn and winter, The four qi in the structure of natural phenomena are transformed into wind, heat, dampness, dryness, and cold. The five internal organs of the human structure correspond to the liver as wood, the heart as fire, the spleen as soil, the lungs as gold, the kidney as water, the five organs as the bile, the small yang as fire, the stomach as earth, the large intestine as gold, and the bladder as water. This is the traditional Chinese medicine concept of "correspondence between nature and man". Through the analogy method, the human body structure and physiological and pathological phenomena are combined with the five elements to illustrate the dialectical unity of human and nature.
Regarding the concept of "the unity of man and nature",It refers to the time when the "Fuxi clan" ruled the world in ancient times Created innate bagua based on "He map" and "Luo book", Reveal the origin of the universe, First of all, it was discovered that all things are formed and evolved within yin and yang. Therefore, the development of two rituals, four images, and eight trigrammatic, In order to communicate with the virtues of the gods, It also shows the good fortune of all things. Therefore, the bagua sets the position of heaven and earth, Heaven and earth are a Tai Chi, and things are Tai Chi, and everything has Tai Chi. Therefore, as far as people are concerned, the human body is a small Tai Chi, and it also has a world position. There are also bagua to match the human body. Gan is the head, Kun is the belly, the zhen is the foot, the xun is the stock, the kan is the ear, the gen is the hand, and the li is the eye,dui is mouth. Gan for the sky, Yang also. The head of man is code sky. Kun is the abdomen, and the three yin meridian is all in the abdomen. The hexagram of Zhen Gua is active, because a yang is below, and the yang of the human body is born from the bottom, so it is like Zhen. In the Xun hexagram, one yin is at the bottom and two yangs are at the top, which matches the special shape of the human body. Kan belongs to the combination of water and kidney, responsible for kidney water, and the kidney opens up to the ear. Li belongs to the fire match eye, the fire glows and glows, and its wxhibit by sun. Gen Gua is the hand, Gen and Zhen are opposed, zhen is yang, it matches the foot, and Gen is yang, so it matches the hand. Dui in the hexagram is like a mouth, and it is pool, in body for fluid, like the dew of the sky.

功法篇 1_丹道功法

(一）丹道功法
據「三豐全集派孝記」云：＂天道淵源始於老子，一傳伊文始，五傳而至三豐先生。雖然老子之傳甚多矣，其間傑出者，伊文始，王少陽支派分别各有傳人，今特就文始言之。文始傳於麻衣，麻衣傳希夷，希夷傳火龍，火龍傳三豐。或以為隱仙派者，文始隐關令，隱太白，麻衣隱石堂隱黃山，希夷隱太華，火龍隱終南，先生隱武當，以為隱仙派之說也。夫神仙無不能隱，而此派理更為高隱。＂孔子曰：＂老子⋯⋯？真猶龍乎?＂＂言其深隱莫測，故此派又稱隱仙猶龍派云。＂
道派丹道修煉，自老子五傳而至張三豐，其論理及傳承，在歷史上涉及眾多人物與經典著述。於先秦以「老子.道德經」，「莊子.南華經」和「列子.冲虛經」為始起，後有東漢末「張角.太平經」，「魏華存.黃庭經」，「魏伯陽.周易參同契」，東晉「葛洪.抱樸子」降及隋唐「參同契」大顯於世，在朝野間掀起了丹道修煉的風氣。當時以鍾離權和呂洞賓為代表，及後陳搏，劉海蟾，張紫陽，白玉蟾，王重陽，丘處機，陳至虚等修煉仙真出現，降及元明以來，當推張三豐，及後張三豐除了繼承丹道功法，也结合當時方術，武技，開創了武當內家拳派。
按「明史.列傳」方技卷云：＂張三豐遼東懿州人，名全一，又名君實，號三豐，以其不飾邊幅，又號張邋遢，頎而偉，龜形鶴骨，大耳圓目，須髯如戟，寒暑為一納一蓑，所啖升斗輒盡，或數日一食，或數月不食，書過目不忘，游處無恒，或云能一日千里，善嬉諧，旁若無人，常游武當岩壑，語人曰：＂此山異日必大興＂。時五龍南岩，紫霄俱毁於兵，三豐與徒去荊榛，辟瓦礫，創草蘆居之，巳而舍去。太祖故聞其名，洪武二十四年，遣使覓不得。
及至明末清初，史學家黃宗義（1610年-1695年）所撰的「王征南墓誌銘」云：＂三豐之術百年後傳於陝西，而王宗為最著，溫州陳州同從王宗授之，以此教其鄉人，由是流傳於溫州。嘉靖年間張松溪為最著，松溪之徒三四人，而四葉繼美，近泉為之魁，由是流傳於四明，四明得近泉之傳为吳昆山，周雲泉，單思南等人，思南之傳為王征南＂。又說＂張三豐既精於少林，復從而翻之是名內家”。
上文提到丹道傅人希夷即陣搏(871年-989年)宋代時人，字圖南，毫州真源人，少年勤奮好學，聰穎過人，及長讀經史百家之言，一見成誦，悉無遺忘，後唐長興中，舉進士不第，遂不求功名利祿，常以山水為樂，過著隱居生活，先在武當山九室岩服氣辟穀二十餘年，後移居華山雲觀台，又止於少華室，陳搏將道家易中的重要資料「龍馬圖」傳世，并因此復活了象數易學。
陳搏也創作了「無極圖」(
註一)，「太極圖」簡述性命雙修的步驟，是精氣神的內修過程。陳博所創作的圖表，＂第一圈＂所示＂玄牝之門＂要守一＂得竅＂玄牝一竅穴是在兩腎中間稱為命門，命門是元氣的根本，是人體熱能之始，又稱生命之門。所謂守一得竅，是一心一意固守命門，一呼一吸氣沉丹田，故內丹家稱為＂築基＂功夫。＂第二圈＂所示＂練精化氣＂，＂練氣化神＂即練己，在築基功夫之上，練有形之精，化為無形之氧，練此氣，化為微妙之神。練已修心，安定入静，靜極之時，正有動機，於恍惚杳冥中覺得丹田有動機，這就到了產藥的時候，所產的藥物即是精與氣的混合物成为＂陽氣＂，經過練精化氣多次後，即可轉入練氣（陽氣）化神稱＂初關＂即為三歸二，使氣（陽氣）歸神，則為二歸一亦叫＂中關＂。使氣（陽氣）自然熏蒸，以綿密寂照衝合丹田，由有為過渡到無為。氣（陽氣）的本身由微動到不動而盡化，氣神合一，最後祇餘＂元神＂而己。＂第三圈＂所示＂五氣朝元＂，此階段調動＂元神＂，使之貫徹五臟六腑，內練五臟：＂眼含其光，耳凝其韻，鼻調其息，舌緘其氣，疊足端坐，潛神内守，不可一毫外用其心。如果眼不視，魂自歸肝；耳不聽，精自歸腎；舌不聲，神自歸心；鼻不嗅，魄自歸肺；四肢不動，意自歸脾；這五者都不漏，則精神魂魄意相互混融化為一氣而聚於丹田，合而成＂聖胎＂，就是＂取坎填離＂＂得藥＂聖胎）的階段。這是＂第四圈＂所示，圖中右為坎卦，陰中含陽，為腎為水，水中生氣，或稱＂真水＂，或稱＂虎＂，左為離卦，陽中含陰，為心為火，火中生液稱＂真火＂或稱＂龍＂。這樣心腎相交，水火既濟，即是取坎中之一陽，填離中之一陰，使離卦變為純陽之乾卦，由後天復歸先天，這是＂得藥＂而结＂聖胎＂，這個坎離交融的聖胎，就是＂太極＂。陳搏又說：＂一氣交融，萬氣俱全，故名＂太極＂，即吾身未生之前之面目＂。若修練經過＂得竅＂＂練已＂＂和合＂＂得藥＂四個層次，是精氣神合練之結果，最終只祇餘＂元神＂，此是由＂有為＂自然過渡到＂無為＂，＂練神還虛，復歸無極＂，由命功轉入純粹的性功，故謂歸根復命，不出冥心凝神的修煉，這是後天返先天＂逆修＂之法
綜觀道派丹道流傳，從魏晉以至唐宋元明清，是由不同年代的人物結合方技與丹道而興起，諸如晉.葛洪受其祖父葛玄再傳之＂道法＂與＂杖術＂，南朝程靈冼得傳＂小九九＂拳，唐.李白訪安徽許宣平之＂先天拳＂和＂劍術＂，宋.張三豐創內家拳，開武當派。簡言之，道派丹道功法就是意守丹田(註二)，吐納行氣(註三)，導引練己(註四)，用自己的精氣神為葯物，用自已身體為鼎爐，練精為基礎，練氣為動力，神為主宰，以神馭氣，以精、氣通行全身經絡竅穴，並調和肢體以至內部動脈，静脈和五臟六腑的運化功能，達至凝神守一境界，直至練神還虛復至無極。這也是內家拳道上說以技進道的路向，若練拳到達無法對有法，不變應萬變的自然法則，彷如進入練神還虛階段，就是拳術內功的＂拳無拳，意無意，無意之中是真意＂的一種神拳境界。

丹道功法附注
（注一）内家拳有狹義與廣義之分。狹義的內家拳專指宋末明初祖述張三豐，而以張松溪，王征南為代表的拳種流派。而廣義的內容，則是明末清初之後出現的太極拳，形意拳，八卦掌的拳種在内。前者可稱為＂老內家＂，後者可稱為＂新內家＂，两者並無傳承的關連。內家拳在技擊上，是以静制動，乘勢借力，後人發而先人至，犯者多應手即扑。其多表現為近距離的短打，而打中有拿，拿中有跌，跌打相兼之戰術。

(注二)無極圖舆太極圖之說，「易經.繫辭傳」曰：＂古者包羲氏之王天下也。仰則觀象於天，俯則觀法於地，觀鳥獸之文，與地之宜，近取諸身，遠取諸物，於是始作八卦，以通神明之德，以類萬物之情。＂這是＂伏羲＂在治理天下的時候，創作了先天八卦，即揭示天地宇宙之本來，首發現萬物之規律，皆不出陰陽，四象，八卦，所以＂則之＂衍之為卦，以之與神明的徳性相通，亦顯示萬物之本來一切。故八卦定天地之位，宇宙自然為一太極，天地為大太極，而物物皆有太極，故以人而言，人身便為小天地小太極。
陳搏創作之＂無極圖＂提出由物質之體來修煉至純陽之氣，既然說萬物生化的規律始於陰陽二氣，假如按＂無極圖＂的修煉階段，就能修煉後天之體，返回先天之氣的逆修功法。

（註三）＂存思＂本為古代修仙方術之一，通過存思使真一與人體結合存於丹田之中，進而守之不失，可辟諸般邪惡，後來被道教吸收為內丹修煉之術。漢末道教經典「太平經」即有存思五臟神，內可治身，外可除邪之說。「黃庭經」推演開來，認為存思身中百神，可以長生成仙，可用存思登虛空，以此為修仙方法。「黃庭經」是道教上清經派的教理基礎，也是唐宋以來，內丹說的主要來源之一。

(註四)＂吐納＂即意念調息法。「老子.道德經」第十六章說：＂致虛極守靜篤，萬物並作吾以觀復。＂虚極是形容心境原本是空明寧靜的狀態，祇因私慾的活動與外界的擾動，使得心靈閉塞不安，所以必須常做＂致虛＂＂守靜＂的功夫。第五章說：＂天地之間，其猶彙籥乎!虛而不屈動而愈出。＂其意謂＂天地之間，豈不像個風箱嗎 ？空虛但不會窮竭，發動起來生生不息。＂上述論述影響後來內丹修煉，導引術或静坐調息等，均用之為借鏡。

(註五)＂導引＂即行氣健身之術。「晉.葛洪.抱樸子」內篇說：＂知屈伸之法者，則曰唯導引可以難老矣。＂或問聰耳之道，內篇「雜染」說：＂能龍導虎引熊經龟咽，燕飛蛇屈鳥伸，天俛地仰，令赤黃之景，不去洞房，猿據兔驚，千二百至，則聰不換也。＂葛洪是秦漢以來方仙道和黃老道傳統的繼承總結，同時又為新起的神仙道教奠定了神學體系和理論基礎。葛洪内篇雖然强調長生仙方唯有金丹 ，但除了還丹金液仙方外，還撰錄有多種方術及道經進行說明各種方術，草药，存氣，導引，房中和符箓等。

#武術與技擊

#王鋭勲武學講壇
Alexander Wong YF

武學新論上篇
(二) 永垂不朽的思維
New Explanation of Martial Arts Knowledge (Part 1)
2>Immortal Ideology

1) 陰陽五行
陰陽五行思想是根深蒂固於中国文化的學術思想，＂陰陽＂的概念早見於「易經」及老子「道德經」。＂五行＂的概念早見於尚書。在早期，相信陰陽與五行各自為說，及至戰國時代漸漸結合而成一種陰陽五行學說。
「周易.擊辭」曰: ＂易有太極是生两儀，兩儀生四象，四象生八卦，八卦定吉凶，吉凶生大業。＂又於老子「道德經」第四十二章云：＂道生一，一生二，二生三，三生萬物。萬物負陰抱陽冲氣以為和。＂其含義說＂易＂與＂道＂是創生萬物的歷程及其運行的法則。
＂易＂之涵義有＂變易＂和＂不易＂两義。變易的說法，易以日月而成字，取象陰陽，日往月來，陰陽流動，白雪蒼狗，瞬息萬變，凡此現象，乃＂變易＂研究的範圍。不易的說法，宇宙萬物生成的現象，雖變易靡定，但變易之中，有不變者在，所謂熱極則風，壅極則通，月盈必虧，花盛必謝等現象，此是＂不易＂之原理和法則，若持＂不易＂之原理法則，以研究＂變易＂之現象，即是＂易＂與＂道＂矣。
五行之涵義，「尚書.洪範」記載，武王克殷後二年，問箕子殷所以亡，箕子不忍言殷惡，以存亡國宣告。箕子以九章治國網領回答武王。初一（第一章），曰五行：＂一曰水，二曰火，三曰木，四曰金，五曰土。水曰潤下，火曰炎上，木曰曲直，金曰從革，土爰稼穡。潤下作咸，炎上作苦，曲直作酸，從革作辛，稼穡作甘。＂上述說，物物生化有其特性，自然現象的變化有其規律，無論國家與百姓都要順天而行，不可悖離。
五行之原理本乎上古時出現「河圖」「洛書」之數。「河圖」：＂一六居北，二七居南，三八居東，四九居西，五於中。至於六以成水，七以成火，八以成木，九以成金，十以成土。＂惟此謂水火木金土，但非謂後天寶際有形體之水火木金土，而是太空氣化中蘊育之＂濕＂為水源頭，＂熱＂為火源頭，＂溫＂為木源頭，＂寒＂為金源頭，＂中和＂之氣為土源頭而已，蓋陰陽二氣相交，化成五種性能以行其作育功。至於水之所以為一，火為二，木為三，金為四，土為五，此就其產生之層次，是謂＂生數＂。然而太空之氣濕熱溫寒皆得偏之性，最後必有＂中和＂者冲之，故曰土生於五。待其五種功能產生後，又復順序氣化成五種具形體的水火木金土，以數記之，即六七ハ九十。依「河圖」之排列，六七八九十佈於一二三四五之外，表示另一循環之程序是謂＂成数＂。
「洛書」分四維四正，陽居於正，而陰數居於維，八卦因之而定位。一九合十居正，二八合十居維，三七合十居正，四六合十居維，五獨居中。又說陰陽之氣運行有五行，陽之運行為一三五七九，陰之運行為二四六八十，陽居先而陰保後，陽為奇而陰為偶，陰陽二氣之運行各分為五，故謂五行。蓋陰陽二氣之運行雖僅為五之數，則五之後，又各分陰陽之二，二之後又各有運行之五，二五互推，其行無窮無盡了。

2. 天人合一
＂天人相應＂與＂天人合一＂的觀念
＂黃帝內經＂實際上根據易學陰陽五行的原理，創造出養生，治病，藥理，醫理等的中醫學系統而成書。「內經.素問」五運氣論：＂氣有餘，則制己所勝而悔所不勝；其不及，則己所不勝侮而乘之。己所勝轻而侮之。＂中醫將五行學說以五行屬性及其生剋乘侮規律，來說明人體臟腑病變的影響。其區别是：相乘是按五行的相剋次序發生過強的克制現象；相侮是與五行相剋次序相反方向的克制現象。兩者之間的聯繫是：在發生相乘時，也可發生相悔，發生相侮時，也可同時發生相乘。如：木過強時，既可以乘土，又可以悔金，金虛時，既可以受到木的反侮，又可受到火乘，因而相乘與相悔之間存在著密切的聯繫。這種病理傳變，中醫認為運用生剋乘悔的規律，可控制疾病和診療。
素來醫家道家都重視養生治未病，也根據自然界產生四氣（春生、夏長、秋收、冬藏)的現象，提出＂四時五行＂養生觀。以空間結構的五方化為東，南，中，西，北，以時間結構的五季化為春、夏、長夏、秋、冬，以自然界現象結構的四氣化為風、暑、濕、燥、寒，以人體結構的五臟對應肝為木，心為火，脾為土，肺為金，腎為水，五腑對應膽為木，小陽為火，胃為土，大腸為金，膀胱為水。這是中醫傳統＂天人相應＂的養生觀，透過類比象法，將人體結構和生理病理現象與五行進行配伍，以此說明人與自然界的辨證統一。
關於＂天人合一＂的觀念，是指上古時＂伏羲氏＂在治理天下的時候根據「河圖」「洛書」創作了先天八卦，揭示天地宇宙之本來，首先發現萬物生成演化，皆不出陰陽，故則之衍之為兩儀，四象，八卦，以之與神明的德性相通，亦顯示萬物之造化。故云八卦定天地之位，天地為一太極，而物物一太極，凡物皆有太極。故以人而言，人身便為小太極，亦有天地定位，亦有八卦配人身。則乾為首，坤為腹，震為足，巽為股，坎為耳，艮為手，離為目，兌為口。乾為天也，陽也。人之首居上法天。坤為腹，三陰經皆會於腹。震卦的卦性主動，因一陽在下，人身陽氣自下而生，故象震。巽卦一陰在下，二陽於上，此為人體特殊形狀相配。坎卦屬水配腎，主管腎水，腎開竅於耳。離卦屬火配目，火發光發熱，其大象為日。艮卦為手，艮與震成反對，震於陽在下故配足，艮為陽在上故配手。兌卦上缺似口，兌為澤，主津液，如天之露澤。

1)Yin Yang and Five Elements
The yin-yang and five-element thought is an academic thought deeply rooted in Chinese culture. The concept of "yin and yang" has long been seen in the "Book of Yi" and Laozi's "Tao De Jing".The concept of "five elements" has long been seen in Shangshu. In the early days, it was believed that yin and yang and the five elements were separate, In the Warring States Period, it gradually combined into a theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements.
``Zhou Yi. Hit Ci'' said: "Yi included Tai Chi is the birth of two rituals, the two rituals give rise to the four images, and the four images give rise to Bagua, Bagua sets good and bad, good and bad produce great cause. And in the 42nd chapter of Laozi's "Tao De Jing":"Tao begets one, one life two, two begets three, three begets everything. All things embrace the yin and embrace the yang and think of harmony. "The meaning of "yi" and "dao" are the process of creating all things and the rule of operation.
The meaning of "yi" has two meanings: "changyi" and "Unchange". Wording of Yi change: Yi is written by the sun and the moon, taking like yin and yang, As the sun goes by, the yin and yang flow, such similar as snow and cloud, changing rapidly, All this phenomenon is the scope of "Yi" research. Wording of Yi Unchange, The phenomenon of the creation of everything in the universe, Although Yi change not fixed, but in the change, there are non-changed stand, The so-called hot pole leads to wind, while choking pole leads to the passage,full moom return cave in, blossom return withering, all this were the rule of Yi unchanged. If we hold the principle of "Yi unchange",
To study the phenomenon of "Yi", It is "yi" and "dao".
The meaning of the five elements, "Shang Shu. Hong Fan" records, Two years after Wu Wang Ke Yin Asking Jizi why Yin die, Jizi can’t bear to speak his evil, Declared to survive the country. Jizi responded to King Wu with the Nine Chapters of Governing the Country. The first day (Chapter 1), wrote five elements: "One is water, second is fire, third is wood, fourth is gold, and fifth is earth. The water mens run down, the fire means flame up, Wood means to be straight and crooked, the gold is means transform , and the earh means to be built.Moisturizing for taste,inflammation for bitter fate, crooked with straight means patience, transform means toil, built means benefit. As mentioned above, the biochemistry of objects has its characteristics, The changes of natural phenomena have their own system . Both the country and the people must comply with and not deviate.
The principle of the five elements is based on the number of "He map" and "Luo book" in ancient times. He map": "One & Six in the north, two & seven in the south, three & eight in the east, four & nine in the west, and five in the middle. As for six to make water, seven to make fire, eight to make wood, and nine to make gold, Ten to become soil. "But this is called water, fire, wood, gold and earth, but not the tangible water, fire, wood, gold and earth . But the "humidity" contained in the atmosphere is the source of water, "heat" is the source of fire, "warm" is the source of wood, and "cold" is the source of gold. The air of "neutralization" is just the source of the earth, Cover with yin and yang, It can be transformed into five properties to perform its breeding work. As for the reason why water is one, fire is two, wood is three, gold is four, and earth is five, This is the level of its generation, which is called "success number". However, the dampness, heat, and coldness of space are all biased. In the end, there must be a "neutralizing" thing , so it is said that the native was born in five. After the five functions are produced, they will be gasified into five concrete forms of water, fire, wood, and earth. Record it in numbers, that is, six seven eight nine and ten. . According to the arrangement of "He Map", Six, seven, eight, nine and ten are distributed beyond one, two, three, four, five, The program that represents another cycle is called "success number".
"Luo Book" is divided into four dimensions and four positives. The yang resides in the positive, and the yin resides in the dimension, Bagua is positioned for this reason.One ,nine become ten position middle. Two,Eight become ten position dimension. Three, seven become ten position positive. Four, six become ten position dimension. Five stand middle. It is also said that there are five elements in the movement of yin and yang, The movement of the Yang is one three five seven nine, The movement of Yin is two, four, six, eigh, ten. Yang front and Yin rear. Yang is odd and Yin is even number. The movement of yin and yang is divided into five, So it is called the five elements. Although the operation of covering the yin and yang is only five, After five, they are divided into yin and yang. After the second, there are five operations, Two and five push each other, and the line is endless.

2) The concept of "correspondence and unity between man and nature"
The "Huangdi Neijing" is actually based on the principle of Yin and Yang and the Five Elements in the Book of Yi, He created a book of Chinese medicine systems for health preservation, disease treatment, pharmacology, and medical science. "Neijing. Suwen" Five circinate qi Theory: "If you are more angry, you will control what you have won and regret what you lose; If it is not enough, it will be overridden by insults. What has been won is light and insulting. "Traditional Chinese medicine takes the Five Elements Theory with the attributes of the Five Elements and the rule of their birth and restraint, To illustrate the impact of human viscera disease. The difference is: multiplication is a phenomenon of excessive restraint in the order of the five elements; Confrontation is a phenomenon of restraint in the opposite direction of the order of the five elements. The connection between the two is: when multiplication occurs, regret can also occur, opposite is same. For example: When the wood is too strong, you can take advantage of the soil and regret the gold. When gold weak, you can be countered by the wood, but also by the fire. Therefore, there is a close relationship between multiplication and regret. This kind of pathological changes, Chinese medicine believes that the use of the rule of life and repentance can control disease and diagnosis and treatment.
Taoists and physicians have always attached great importance to health preservation and treatment of disease prevention. It also produces the four qi according to nature(Spring birth, summer growth, autumn harvest, winter storage) Put forward the concept of "four season and five elements" health preservation. Taking the five directions of the spatial structure into east, south, center, west and north, The five seasons in a time structure are transformed into spring, summer, long summer, autumn and winter, The four qi in the structure of natural phenomena are transformed into wind, heat, dampness, dryness, and cold. The five internal organs of the human structure correspond to the liver as wood, the heart as fire, the spleen as soil, the lungs as gold, the kidney as water, the five organs as the bile, the small yang as fire, the stomach as earth, the large intestine as gold, and the bladder as water. This is the traditional Chinese medicine concept of "correspondence between nature and man". Through the analogy method, the human body structure and physiological and pathological phenomena are combined with the five elements to illustrate the dialectical unity of human and nature.
Regarding the concept of "the unity of man and nature",It refers to the time when the "Fuxi clan" ruled the world in ancient times Created innate bagua based on "He map" and "Luo book", Reveal the origin of the universe, First of all, it was discovered that all things are formed and evolved within yin and yang. Therefore, the development of two rituals, four images, and eight trigrammatic, In order to communicate with the virtues of the gods, It also shows the good fortune of all things. Therefore, the bagua sets the position of heaven and earth, Heaven and earth are a Tai Chi, and things are Tai Chi, and everything has Tai Chi. Therefore, as far as people are concerned, the human body is a small Tai Chi, and it also has a world position. There are also bagua to match the human body. Gan is the head, Kun is the belly, the zhen is the foot, the xun is the stock, the kan is the ear, the gen is the hand, and the li is the eye,dui is mouth. Gan for the sky, Yang also. The head of man is code sky. Kun is the abdomen, and the three yin meridian is all in the abdomen. The hexagram of Zhen Gua is active, because a yang is below, and the yang of the human body is born from the bottom, so it is like Zhen. In the Xun hexagram, one yin is at the bottom and two yangs are at the top, which matches the special shape of the human body. Kan belongs to the combination of water and kidney, responsible for kidney water, and the kidney opens up to the ear. Li belongs to the fire match eye, the fire glows and glows, and its wxhibit by sun. Gen Gua is the hand, Gen and Zhen are opposed, zhen is yang, it matches the foot, and Gen is yang, so it matches the hand. Dui in the hexagram is like a mouth, and it is pool, in body for fluid, like the dew of the sky.