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More Children Killed by Unsafe Water than War, UNICEF Warns-

A 16-nation ​study by UNICEF ​into how water ​supplies effect ​children caught ​up in ​emergencies ​shows that ​children under-​five are on ​average more ​than 20 times ​more likely to ​die from ​illnesses ​linked to ​unsafe water ​and bad ​sanitation, ​than from ​conflict. ​

“The ​odds are ​already stacked ​against ​children living ​through ​prolonged ​conflicts ​– with ​many unable to ​reach a safe ​water source,​” said ​UNICEF ​Executive ​Director ​Henrietta Fore. ​“The ​reality is that ​there are more ​children who ​die from lack ​of access to ​safe water than ​by bullets." ​

According to ​the report, ​every year, 85,​700 children ​under-15 die ​from diarrhea ​linked to ​unsafe water, ​sanitation and ​hygiene ​facilities (​WASH), compared ​with 30,900 ​from conflict. ​

Some 72,000 ​under-fives die ​annually from ​similar ​illnesses ​linked to WASH-​access problems,​ compared to 3,​400 from war-​related ​violence. ​

UNICEF studied ​data from ​Afghanistan, ​Burkina Faso, ​Cameroon, the ​Central African ​Republic, Chad, ​the Democratic ​Republic of the ​Congo, Ethiopia,​ Iraq, Libya, ​Mali, Myanmar, ​Somalia, South ​Sudan, Sudan, ​Syria, and ​Yemen. ​

It compared ​the World ​Health ​Organization (​WHO) mortality ​estimates for ​“​collective ​violence” ​and “​diarrhoeal ​disease”. ​

On average, ​mortality ​estimates were ​higher for ​diarrhoeal ​disease than ​violence in ​under 15-year-​olds – ​except in Libya,​ Iraq, and ​Syria. ​

Under-fives ​were more ​likely to die ​from the ​diarrhoeal ​disease in all ​countries ​except Libya ​and Syria, the ​UN report found.​

Children ​‘always ​most vulnerable’​

Hundreds of ​millions of ​youngsters live ​in areas ​afflicted by ​war, the UN ​agency said, ​noting that ​more countries ​are now ​embroiled ​internally and ​internationally ​than at any ​time in the ​past 30 years. ​

It highlights ​the fact that ​children “​are always ​among the most ​vulnerable”​ and face a ​multitude of ​threats linked ​to a lack of ​safe water, ​sanitation and ​hygiene ​services. ​These include ​malnutrition ​and preventable ​diseases ​including ​diarrhea, ​typhoid, ​cholera, and ​polio.

New, More Efficient Way ​to Reduce Water Use and Improve ​Plant Growth
A team of ​scientists has ​revealed a new, ​sustainable way ​for plants to ​increase carbon ​dioxide (CO2) ​uptake for ​photosynthesis ​while reducing ​water usage. ​

The breakthrough ​was led by a ​team of plant ​scientists at ​the University of Glasgow and is ​published today ​in the journal ​ Science . The ​researchers ​used a new, ​synthetic light-​activated ion ​channel, ​engineered from ​plant and algal ​virus proteins, ​to speed up the ​opening and ​closing of the ​stomata – ​pores in the ​leaves of ​plants - ​through which ​carbon dioxide (​CO2) enters for ​photosynthesis. ​

Stomata are ​also the main ​route for water ​loss by plants. ​Previous ​attempts to ​reduce water ​usage by ​manipulating ​these pores has ​generally come ​at a cost in ​CO2 uptake. ​

Consequently, ​the plants ​engineered at ​Glasgow showed ​improved growth ​whilst ​conserving ​water use. ​

The scientists’​ modified ​plants grew as ​normal and ​substantially ​better under ​light ​conditions ​typical of the ​field, fixing ​more CO2 while ​losing less ​water to the ​atmosphere. ​

Crop ​irrigation ​accounts for ​roughly 70% of ​fresh water use ​on the planet ​and its use has ​expanded at ​unsustainable ​rates over the ​past three ​decades. ​Scientists have ​been trying to ​find ways to ​make plants ​grow with less ​water. Until ​now, much of ​the research ​has reduced ​water ​consumption, ​but at a ​potential cost ​in reduced CO2 ​uptake and ​plant growth. ​This is not a ​satisfactory ​approach ​overall, given ​the growing ​demands on ​agricultural ​food production.​

This new ​research now ​offers a ​different ​approach that ​can successfully ​improve growth ​without ​compromising ​water use ​efficiency. ​

The researchers ​studied the ​plant ​Arabidopsis, a ​member of the ​mustard family. ​Using the light-​activated ion ​channel, called ​BLINK, the ​plant’s ​stomatal ​responses were ​accelerated and ​better ​synchronized ​when grown ​under ​fluctuating ​light – ​conditions ​which are ​typical of the ​natural ​environment (e.​g. when clouds ​pass overhead ​or when shaded ​by neighboring ​plants). The ​engineered ​plants ​demonstrated ​improved growth ​and biomass ​production ​whilst also ​conserving ​water. ​

Co-corresponding author Prof John Christie , from the ​University’​s Institute of ​Molecular, Cell ​and Systems ​Biology, said: ​“Our ​findings ​demonstrate the ​feasibility of ​improving the ​efficiency of ​water use by ​plants while ​making gains in ​photosynthetic ​CO2 assimilation ​and plant ​growth.” ​

Prof Mike Blatt added: “​Previous ​efforts to ​improve plant ​water use ​efficiency have ​focused on ​reducing ​stomatal ​density, ​despite the ​implicit ​penalty in CO2 ​uptake for ​photosynthesis. ​Alternative ​approaches, ​like the one we ​have used, ​circumvent the ​carbon-water ​trade-off and ​could be used ​to improve crop ​yield, ​particularly ​under water ​limiting ​conditions.​” ​

Lead author Maria Papanatsiou said: “​Plants must ​optimize the ​trade-off ​between ​photosynthesis ​and water loss ​to ensure plant ​growth and ​yield. We adopt ​a well-​established ​approach used ​in neuroscience,​ called ​optogenetics, ​to better equip ​stomata that ​are essential ​in balancing ​CO2 uptake and ​water loss. ​

“We used ​a genetic tool ​that acts as a ​switch allowing ​stomata to ​better ​synchronize ​with light ​conditions and ​therefore ​enhance plant ​performance ​under light ​conditions ​often met in ​agricultural ​settings.”

Top 5 Advantages of Advanced Electrocoagulation Water Treatment-

Coagulation is ​a common ​practice in ​water and ​wastewater ​treatment ​processes, ​often used ​prior to ​filtration or ​sedimentation. ​Particles in ​the solution ​have a ​difficult time ​settling due to ​their common ​charges, which ​cause them to ​repel one ​another. To ​combat the ​repellant ​forces, the ​charges of the ​particles must ​be neutralized ​so that the ​colloids will ​cling together ​and precipitate,​ which is ideal ​for sedimentation ​and filtration. ​In order to ​induce ​coagulation, ​one of two ​methods can be ​used: chemical ​coagulation or ​electrocoagulation​ ​water treatment.​ Chemical ​coagulation has ​commonly been ​used in years ​past, but has a ​number of ​unwanted side ​effects (for ​more information,​ please see ​this article). ​More recently, ​electrocoagulation​ ​(EC) has been ​recognized for ​its effective ​treatment in ​many sectors. ​Here are five ​advantages of ​advanced ​Electrocoagulation​ ​water treatment.​



Can process ​multiple ​contaminants in ​one pass ​



Treatment ​water often ​contains ​several ​different types ​of contaminants ​at the outset ​of the ​treatment ​process. Heavy ​metals, organic ​compounds, ​pesticides, and ​colloidal ​solids can be ​found, among ​others. Some ​treatment ​methods use ​multiple ​systems, to ​remove so many, ​but EC is able ​to remove them ​in a single ​system with ​sometimes only ​a single pass. ​



Low sludge production



Unlike ​chemical ​coagulation, ​which produces ​high volumes of ​hazardous ​sludge, EC ​produces very ​little sludge ​and it is non-​hazardous. ​Because pH ​adjustment is ​the only aspect ​of EC that ​necessitates ​the addition of ​chemicals, ​there is little ​to add to the ​volume of any ​sludge produced.​ Also, even ​though most of ​the electrodes ​are sacrificial,​ they do not ​oxidize at a ​rate that would ​add significant ​amounts to the ​sludge. On the ​hazardous side ​of the sludge ​coin, the pH ​balancing ​chemicals do ​not create ​hazardous ​particulates ​and the metals ​are in an oxide ​form instead of ​the more ​dangerous ​hydroxide form ​produced in ​chemical ​coagulation. EC ​systems ​naturally ​deviate toward ​a neutral pH ​when not ​adjusted with ​an acid or base,​ so by the end ​of the process ​the pH of the ​sludge is ​typically ​somewhere ​between 6-8. ​The low volume ​and toxicity ​allow the ​sludge to be ​dewatered ​easily, ​transported ​easily, and ​safely disposed ​or used as a ​soil additive ​on farmland in ​many cases.​



Low maintenance costs



As effective ​as an EC ​treatment ​process is, one ​might think ​that it would ​require a ​complex and ​expensive ​system. In ​reality, it is ​a relative easy ​system to ​operate. It ​mainly consists ​of a tank that ​is affixed with ​a series of ​metal plates -- ​which are ​connected to a ​power source -- ​that act as the ​anodes and ​cathodes. When ​the raw water ​and pH ​adjustment ​solution are ​added to the ​tank reactor, ​power is ​supplied to the ​plates and the ​process begins. ​There are no ​mechanically ​moving parts ​needed, so the ​system is not ​easily damaged. ​Maintenance is ​also quite ​simple; the ​plates are ​periodically ​cleaned with ​diluted acid ​and after some ​time will need ​to be replaced ​with new ones, ​which can be ​relatively ​inexpensive. ​Because this ​system is easy ​to operate, ​these systems ​can be remotely ​monitored with ​few personnel ​required to ​operate, ​monitor or ​maintain it. ​



Produces ​effluent with ​low TDS ​



In some cases, ​EC has the ​ability to ​process raw ​water and lower ​levels of total ​dissolved ​solids versus a ​conventional ​chemical ​coagulation ​process. The ​lack of large ​amounts of ​chemical ​additives ​contribute to ​this low ​concentration. ​Also, by ​removing even ​some of the ​smallest ​particulates, ​membrane ​fouling can be ​reduced greatly,​ which can also ​cut down on ​operating costs ​in these ​applications, ​because the ​membranes ​don’t ​need to be ​replaced as ​often as they ​would normally.​



Systems can ​easily handle ​water quality ​variations ​



With chemical ​coagulation ​systems, it is ​very difficult ​to make ​adjustments to ​the process ​when the ​quality of the ​water changes. ​However, ​because the ​Electrocoagulation​ ​water treatment ​system is ​relatively easy ​to operate, the ​only necessary ​changes that ​would need to ​be made would ​be to the ​system voltage, ​reaction time, ​or the pH of ​the solution. ​This can easily ​be done even ​while the ​treatment is ​already in ​process.

Solenoid ​Irrigation ​Controller

The Smart ​Solenoid ​Irrigation ​Controller SSIC ​transforms any ​non-latching ​solenoid into a ​smart ​irrigation ​controller. ​The critical ​component of ​the SSIC is ​a rare earth magnet. Water slowly ​evaporates from ​the evaporator ​until the ​weight of the ​water in the ​evaporator is ​light enough ​for the magnet ​to fall from ​the high ​position to the ​low position ​and the ​irrigation ​starts ​automatically. ​Water drips ​into the ​evaporator ​until the ​weight of the ​water in the ​evaporator is ​heavy enough ​for the magnet ​to rise from ​the low ​position to the ​high position ​and the ​irrigation ​stops ​automatically. ​The cycle ​continues ​indefinitely. ​It's ​amazing that ​such a simple ​device can do ​so much:​

1. Completely automatic

2. No electricity ​is needed (no ​batteries, no ​solar panels, ​no computers, ​and no ​electronics)​

3. You can adjust ​the water usage ​by adjusting ​the control ​dripper

4. You can adjust ​the irrigation ​frequency by ​changing the ​evaporator

5. The irrigation ​frequency and ​the water usage ​are directly ​proportional to ​the net ​evaporation ​rate (that is, ​evaporation ​minus ​rainfall

6. Responds ​appropriately ​when there is ​an unexpected ​heat wave

7. When it rains, ​water enters ​the evaporator ​and delays the ​start of the ​next irrigation

8. Water usage is ​independent of ​the water ​supply pressure ​

9. Uses much less ​water without ​affecting the ​yield

10. It is ​incredibly ​simple and low ​tech and so ​there are fewer ​things to go ​wrong

11. Provided you ​have a ​continuous ​water supply, ​you can leave ​your irrigation ​application ​unattended for ​weeks on ​end

12. Can be used ​for any ​irrigation ​application ​that uses a non-​latching ​solenoid valve.

Algae Control Methods to Prevent Algal Blooms-

There are four main algae control methods; chemicals, aeration, mixing and ultrasound. Using the right method, will help you to keep a healthy, well-balanced water body. Excessive cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) and green algae growth in lakes and reservoirs can have negative consequences for the water quality. The water turns green, sand filters can clog, and some algae can produce geosmins and MIB, giving the water an ‘earthy’ and ‘molty’ taste.

You should address acid water issues if your water has a pH lower than 6.5.

HOW TO TREAT ACIDIC WATER
Acidic water is typically treated with a pH water filter that includes a water neutralizer. There are two ways of neutralizing water acidity:

Whole House pH Balancing Filters - Calcite the most common material used as a water neutralizer. We actually use Georgia Marble, which is the absolute best form of calcite. It's a natural mineral, also known as calcium carbonate; in some cases, magnesium oxide (sometimes called Corsex) is also used. When water flows through the calcite or magnesium oxide in the water filter, the mineral is dissolved into the water and make it less acidic. This type of filter works best on water that has a pH of 5.5 or higher. This type of pH balancing filter is simple to use, but the pH level may vary with the amount of time the water is in contact with the calcite. Calcite also makes the water harder, so you may need a water softener as part of your treatment system.
Proportional pH Balancing Injection Systems - The second method for treating acid water works better on very low pH water but is also more costly. A proportional injection system uses a chemical feed pump to inject a precise amount of water neutralizer solution into the water. This type of system typically uses a form of soda ash (a form of sodium carbonate). A proportional neutralization system assures that the pH is uniform regardless of flow rate and does not add any hardness back to the water. This method is desirable if you do not want to add hardness back to the water.
If you think that you have acid water, please call our Water Specialists @ +2348030488222 or email us at [email protected]

Bazola Integrated Nigeria Limited -
An indigenous Water resources & Environmental engineering Company established and managed by a team of tested & certified brilliant professionals with core competent strength in Water & Waste water engineering, Pumps Plants & Machinery, Fire safety(Detection, Alarm & Suppression System installations) and general Environmental engineering. Our desire & passion is becoming your reliable OPTION whenever & wherever you need Portable water & Safe Environment.

Contact us: # GB Complex, Km 33, Lagos-Badagry Expressway, De-Sholly Bus Stop🚏, Agbara.
+2348030488222

E-mail: [email protected]