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*****Facts about Jammu & Kashmir****
01) Capital ➪ Srinagar (Summer) &
Jammu (Winter)
02) Languages ➪ Urdu, Kashmiri,
Dogri,Pahari, Ladakhi, Balti, Punjabi, Gujri
and Dadri
03) Population ➪ 1,25,48,926
(Census-2011)
04) S*x Ratio ➪ 883 (Females Per 1000
Males)
05) Area➪ 2,22,236 Sq. Kms
06) Population Density ➪ 124 persons
per Sq. Km
07) Population below poverty Line➪
3.48%
08) Total Forest Area➪ 20,441 Sq. Km
09) Net Area Irrigated➪ 313,000
Hectares.
10) Literacy Rate➪ 68.74%
11) Lok Sabha Constituencies➪ 6
12) Rajaya sabha Constituencies ➪ 4
13) Assembly Constituencies➪ 87
14) Number of Universities➪ 6
15) Total Road Length (In 2009) ➪
40,103 Km
16) Major Religion of State➪ Islam
17) Muslim Population➪ 65%
18) Hindu Population➪ 30%
19) Sikh Population➪ 2%
20) Buddhist Population➪ 1.5 %
21) Biggest Salt Water Lake➪ Pangoney
(Ladakh )
22) Biggest Fresh Water Lake➪ Wular
(Baramullah)
23) Biggest Glacier➪ Kalahoi (Pahalgam)
24) Biggest Cascade➪ Aharbal
25) Biggest Golf Course ➪ Gulmarg
26) Biggest Mosque➪ Jamia Masjid
(Srinagar)
27) Biggest Temple➪ Raghunath
Mandir (Jammu)
28) Highest Town➪ Leh (11,500 ft above
Sea Level)
29) Highest Pass➪ Khardungla between
Leh and N Waral
30) Highest Airport➪ Leh
31) Highest Annual Rainfall➪ Ramnagar
(Udhampur)
32) Highest Peak➪ Nanga Parbat
33) Highest Lake➪ Pangong (Leh)
34) Longest River➪ Indus River
35) Longest Tunnel➪ Pirpanjal tunnel -
11km
36) Longest Highway➪ Srinagar-Leh
37) Longest River Route➪ Khanabal to
Khadanyar on Jehlum River
38) Coldest Place ➪ Dras (Kargil)
39) Deepest Lake➪ Mansabal (Baramulla)
40) Oldest Hydel Power Project➪ Mohra
(Baramulla)
41) Oldest Fort ➪ Bahu Fort (Jammu) 42)
State Animal ➪ Hangul
43) State Bird ➪ Black necked Crane
44) State Flower ➪ Lotus
45) State Tree ➪ Chinar
25/02/2017
28/02/2016
'And His Life Should Become Extinct' e know this much: On December 13, 2001, the Indian Parliament was in its winter session. (The NDA government was under attack for yet another corruption scandal.) At 11.30 in the morning, five armed men in a white Ambassador car fitted out with an Improvised Explosive Device drove through the gates…
HISTORY OF KASHMIR
1846: Kashmir is sold:The British colonial
rulers of India sold Kashmir, including its
population, through a deed of sale called
the Treaty of Amritsar, to a Hindu warlord
who had no roots in the area. This
warlord began calling himself the
Maharajah of Jammu and Kashmir. His was
a particularly brutal regime, memories of
which persist to this day. Several
mosques were occupied and shut down
by his forces. The slaughtering of a cow
was declared a crime punishable by
death.
1925 to 1947: discrimination against the
Muslim majority:Maharajah Hari Singh
continued this policy of discrimination
against the Kashmiri population, 94
percent of which is Muslim.
1931: Kashmir's first organized
protest:The people of Kashmir hold their
first organized protest against Maharajah
Hari Singh's cruelty. The 1931 protest led
to the "Quit Kashmir" campaign against
the Maharajah in 1946, and eventually to
the Azad Kashmir movement which
gained momentum a year later.
March 23, 1940: Pakistan Resolution
passed:The Pakistan Resolution is passed
at Iqbal Park, Lahore. The resolution
demands the establishment of an
independent state comprised of all
regions in which Muslims are the
majority. The letter "K" in the word
"Pakistan" represents Kashmir.
July 26, 1946: Azad Kashmir comes into
being:The Muslim Conference adopts the
Azad Kashmir Resolution on July 26 1946
calling for the end of autocratic rule in the
region. The resolution also claims for
Kashmiris the right to elect their own
constituent assembly.
June 3, 1947: British accept Pakistan
plan:The British government announces
its intention of accepting the demand of
Muslims for the independent state of
Pakistan. The new nation would be
comprised of areas where Muslims are in
the majority. All political parties, including
the Muslim League (representing
Muslims) and the Congress Party
(representing Hindus), accept the plan.
August 1947: Kashmiri resistance
encounters Maharajah's troops: The first
armed encounter between the
Maharajah's troops and insurgent forces
occurred in August 1947. At this time,
Britain was liquidating its empire in the
subcontinent.
August 14, 1947: Pakistan created:State
of Pakistan comes into being
October 25, 1947: Maharajah flees to
Jammu:Faced with a popular revolt
against his rule, the Maharajah flees to
Jammu on 25th October 1947. Once in
Jammu, the Maharajah receives a
commitment of military assistance from
the Indian government in exchange for
his signing the "Instrument of Accession"
document.
Lord Mountbatten conditionally accepts
the document on behalf of the British
Crown and proceeds to outline the
conditions for official acceptance in a
letter dated 27th October 1947.
"In consistence with their policy that in
the case of any (native) state where the
issue of accession has been subject of
dispute, the question of accession should
be decided in accordance with the wishes
of the people of the state, it is my
government's wish that as soon as law
and order have been restored in Kashmir
and her soil cleared of the invaders the
question of state's accession should be
settled by a reference to the people."
November 1, 1947: Kashmir's accession to
India is not "bona fide": Jinnah: Governor
General of Pakistan, Mohammad Ali Jinnah
meets Governor General of India,
Mountbatten. Jinnah tells Mountbatten
that Kashmir's accession to India "was not
a bona fide one since it rested on fraud
and violence."
November 2, 1947: Kashmiris have a right
to determine future: Nehru:Indian Prime
Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, in a speech
aired on All-India Radio, reaffirmed the
Indian Government's commitment to the
right of the Kashmiri people to determine
their own future through a plebiscite:
"We have declared that the fate of
Kashmir is ultimately to be decided by the
people. That pledge we have given, and
the Maharajah has supported it, not only
to the people of Jammu and Kashmir, but
also to the world. We will not and cannot
back out of it. We are prepared when
peace and law have been established to
have a referendum held under
international auspices like the United
Nations. We want it to be a fair and just
reference to the people and we shall
accept their verdict."
The Government of India accepted the
"Instrument of accession" conditionally,
promising the people of the state and the
world at large that "accession" would be
final only after the wishes of the people
of the state were ascertained upon return
of normalcy in the state.
Following this, India moved her forces
into Srinagar and a drawn-out fight
between Indian forces and the forces of
liberation ensued. The forces of Azad
Kashmir successfully resisted India's
armed intervention and liberated one-
third of the State.
January 1948: India brings Kashmir issue
to UN Security Council:Realizing it could
not quell the resistance, India brought
the issue to the United Nations Security
Council in January 1948. The rebel forces
had been joined by volunteers from
Pakistan and India charged Pakistan with
having sent "armed raiders" into the
state. It demanded that Pakistan be
declared an aggressor in Kashmir.
Furthermore, India demanded that
Pakistan stop aiding freedom fighters, and
allowing the transit of tribesmen into the
state.
After acceptance of these demands,
coupled with the assurance that all
"raiders" were withdrawn, India would
allow a plebiscite to be held under
impartial auspices to decide Kashmir's
future status.
In reply, Pakistan charged India with
maneuvering the Maharajah's accession
through "fraud and violence" and
colluding with a "discredited" ruler in the
repression of his people. Pakistan's
counter complaint was also coupled with
the proposal of a plebiscite under the
supervision and control of the United
Nations to settle the dispute.
April 21, 1948: UN resolution envisages
cease-fire, withdrawals:The Security
Council discussed the question from
January until April of 1948. It came to the
conclusion that it would be impossible to
determine responsibility for the fighting
and futile to blame either side. Since both
parties desired that the question of
accession should be decided through an
impartial plebiscite, the council developed
proposals based on the common ground
between them.
These were embodied in the resolution of
21st April 1948, envisaging a cease-fire,
the withdrawal of all outside forces from
the state, and a plebiscite under the
control of an administrator who would be
nominated by the Secretary General. For
negotiating the details of the plan, the
council constituted a five-member
commission known as "United Nations
Commission for India and
Pakistan," (UNCIP) to implement the
resolution.
After the cease-fire, India began efforts
to drag the issue down, and under various
pretexts tried to stop the UN resolution
from being implemented. To this day,
India pursues the same plan, and the
resolution of 1948 has yet to be realized.
1947 - 48: India, Pakistan at war over
Kashmir:India and Pakistan went to war
over Kashmir from 1947-48. All early UN
Security Council Resolutions admonished
both countries, demanded an immediate
cease-fire, which would be followed by a
UN-directed plebiscite.
January 24, 1957: UN Security Council
reaffirms 1948 resolution:The Security
Council, reaffirming its previous
resolution, further declared that any
action taken by the Constituent Assembly
formed in Kashmir "would not constitute
disposition of the state in accordance with
the above principles."
February 5, 1964: India fails to keep her
promise:India reneges from her pledge.
The Indian representative tells the
Security Council, "I wish to make it clear
on behalf of my government that in no
circumstances we can agree to the
holding of a plebiscite in Kashmir."
Defense Minister, Kirshnan Menon, gives
the reason: "Kashmir would vote to join
Pakistan and no Indian Government
responsible for agreeing to plebiscite
would survive.
March 1965: India claims Kashmir:The
Indian Parliament passes a bill declaring
Kashmir a province of India.
August 1965: Pakistan accused of sending
infiltrators:India accuses Pakistan of
sending infiltrators to Kashmir. Indian
forces cross the cease-fire line in
Kashmir.
September 6, 1965: India launches attack
against Pakistan:India attacks Pakistan
across the international border and tries
to capture Pakistan's second largest city,
Lahore.
September 23, 1965: calls for an end to
hostilities:The United Nations Security
Council arranges a cease-fire.
January 10, 1966: Tashkent agreement
signed:The Soviet Union arranges talks
between Pakistan and India. The Tashkent
Agreement is signed through the
mediating efforts of the Soviet Prime
Minister Alexi Kosygin. The agreement
reaffirms that the dispute should be
settled by peaceful means. The armies
are to withdraw to their original
positions.
November 1971: attack against East
Pakistan:Indian Army attacks East
Pakistan.
December 16, 1971-Bangladesh is
established:Pakistan surrenders East
Pakistan to India. India declares East
Pakistan as "Bangladesh."
July 2 1972: Simla Agreement signed:The
Simla Agreement between Pakistan and
India is signed. Both agree to make
efforts toward establishing durable peace
by seeking a solution to existing
problems, including "a final settlement of
Jammu and Kashmir."
1987: a new Kashmiri resistance
begins:The current uprising of the people
of Kashmir starts out as a protest against
inefficiency, corruption, religious
discrimination and Hindu communalism.
January 19, 1990: Kashmir brought under
Indian control: The Indian government
brings Kashmir under its direct control.
The state legislature is suspended, the
government is removed and the former
Director General of the Indian Secret
Service, Research and Analysis Wing
(RAW), Mr. Jagmohan is appointed
governor.
January 20, 1990: hostilities
increase:There are large-scale
demonstrations and thirty people are
killed by Indian security forces. A curfew
is imposed in most cities.
February 25, 1990: support from civil
servants:Government employees join
demonstrations.
February 27, 1990: United Nations not
allowed in Kashmir:India refuses to allow
any United Nations official to visit
Kashmir.
March 2, 1990: Kashmiris shot during
Srinagar march:Forty people are killed
when police open fire at a march of more
than one million Kashmiris through the
streets of Srinagar. Police are ordered to
shoot at sight.
March 28, 1990: Refugees flee to
Pakistan:Refugees start pouring into
Pakistan from occupied Kashmir.
April 10, 1990: India threatens war:Prime
Minister Singh of India threatens war and
says, "we are not going to stop till we
have achieved our objectives."
April 14, 1990: military reinforcements in
Kashmir:Indian authorities send military
reinforcements to Kashmir.
July 1990: Jammu and Kashmir Disputed
Areas Act passed:Under this act, India's
security forces personnel have
extraordinary powers over anyone who is
suspected of disturbing the peace or
harboring militants or arms.
November 1992: Amnesty International
not allowed into Kashmir:Amnesty
International is barred from going to the
Kashmir valley.
January 1 - 3, 1994: another failure over
Kashmir:Pakistan and India's foreign
secretaries fail to narrow differences on
Kashmir. Pakistan rules out more talks
unless India ends alleged human rights
violations in Kashmir.
January 9, 1995: India declares occupied
Kashmir "backward": India declares
occupied Jammu and Kashmir territory a
"backward" state. It offers tax breaks and
concessions to businesses in an attempt
to get rid of the Kashmiri freedom
movement.
January 14, 1995: Indian intelligence
seeks to divide resistance
movement:Unable to crush the Kashmiri
struggle for freedom, Indian intelligence
agencies increase efforts to exploit
sectarian differences among the
Mujahideen (the Kashmiri resistance
movement).
January 20, 1995: India doesn't want
third-party involvement in Kashmir:India
excludes the possibility of third-party
involvement in the resolution of the
Kashmir dispute. But it says it is prepared
to hear from Pakistan directly about how
much "elbow room" is necessary to
commence talks between the two
countries.
May 9, 1995: fire rages through Chrar
Sharif:Hundreds of homes are destroyed
on Eid when a fire rages through Chrar
Sharif. The Mujahedeen were under siege
by the Indian army for two months in this
town.
May 12, 1995: anti-India protest in the
wake of Chrar Sharif fire:Anti-India
protests overwhelm the Kashmir Valley in
the wake of the destruction of the 650-
year-old mausoleum of Sheikh Nooruddin
Wali (R.A.) and a mosque next to it. India
accuses Pakistan of being behind the
destruction of the shrine and issues a
strong warning against interference in its
internal affairs.
May 18, 1995: APHC rejects offer for talks
on Kashmir with India:The APHC rejects
an offer for talks on Kashmir by New
Delhi. The organization says it will not
enter into any dialogue with New Delhi
unless India admits Kashmir is a disputed
territory.
July 20, 1995: journalists' kidnapping in
Kashmir a sign of media clampdown:The
New York-based Committee to Protect
Journalists (CPJ) says the kidnapping of
four journalists in Kashmir is only one
current example of a complete
clampdown on any independent
journalism in the area. In its report, On
the Razor's Edge, the CPJ also notes the
Indian government harasses and
intimidates reporters.
November 11, 1995: India launches anti-
Pakistan propaganda campaign:Upset
about the media and human rights
reports against its campaign of
suppression and repression in occupied
Jammu and Kashmir, India launches a
multi-million dollar propaganda campaign
against Pakistan. Pakistan is accused of
aiding and abetting "terrorism" in Kashmir
using money from the drug trade.
December 23, 1995: APHC seeks
intervention of UN, OIC and others:The
APHC seeks the intervention of the
United Nations, Organization of the
Islamic Conference, Amnesty
International and other worldwide human
rights bodies to help stop India's
destruction of occupied Kashmir.
February 16, 1996: APHC calls for
tripartite talks:Kashmiri groups ask India
and Pakistan to begin tripartite talks to
end the six-year-old rebellion against
New Delhi. The groups say most Muslims
in the area support the proposal.
May 5, 1996: Indian Prime Minister
makes his first visit to Kashmir:Indian
Prime Minister P.V. Narasimha Rao makes
his first visit to Kashmir. He says
upcoming general elections in the region
could not be foiled by what he described
as Pakistani moves toward destabilization.
May 13, 1996: government employees
boycott Indian elections:Over 1.5 million
government workers assigned to election
duty by Indian authorities strike for 18
days to boycott the electoral process at
the call of Jammu and Kashmir
Government Employees Confederation.
June 8, 1996: APHC rejects greater
autonomy:The APHC rejects the Indian
government's offer of greater autonomy
for occupied Kashmir. The organization
says the problem cannot be resolved by
remaining in India.
August 2, 1996: Gowda tries to sweeten
the deal for Kashmir:HD Deve Gowda,
Prime Minister of India, reveals a package
of economic benefits for Kashmir just
before state elections scheduled for the
following month. Gowda announces
outstanding loans of up to Rs.50, 000 will
be waived, Kashmir will receive special
assistance of Rs.3.52 billion for
developing infrastructure in the state.
September 14, 1996: APHC leadership
arrested:Prior to elections for the state
assembly, Indian troops arrest the APHC's
entire leadership.
September 16, 1996: sham elections held
in Kashmir:Widespread coercion of voters
by the Indian forces takes place during
the second phase of the state assembly
elections in occupied Kashmir.
A BBC correspondent, who saw many
constituencies, said in some places the
Indian army broadcast messages from
mosques telling people to come out to
vote. In other places, people complained
they were coerced into voting.
Journalists also reported seeing buses and
trucks commanded by the region's
paramilitary forces bringing out reluctant
voters.
March 3, 1997: Mujahedeen reject carving
up Kashmir:Kashmiri Mujahedeen reject
the carving up of Kashmir between India
and Pakistan. "The proposal for any kind
of division of the state can never be
accepted by the people of Jammu and
Kashmir, and we will always oppose it,"
says Shabir Ahmed Shah, a Kashmiri
leader.
March 28, 1997: India and Pakistan begin
negotiations: Pakistan's Foreign Secretary,
Shamshad Ahmed, and India's Foreign
Secretary, Salman Haider, meet at the
negotiating table for the first time in
three years. The issue of Kashmir is high
on the agenda.
March 31, 1997: talks look
hopeful:Pakistan and India end four days
of talks aimed at reducing tension and
agree to meet again in Islamabad.
April 22, 1997: change in government
elicits cautious reaction in Kashmir:The
people in Indian-occupied Jammu &
Kashmir react cautiously over the change
of government in India.
May 12, 1997: India and Pakistan meet
again:Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz
Sharif and Indian Prime Minister Inder
Kumar Gujral agree to establish joint
working groups to resolve all outstanding
issues between the two countries since
1947.
June 22, 1997: India and Pakistan reach
an agreement:Pakistan and India agree to
establish a mechanism for enduring
dialogue on issues between the two
countries.
June 23, 1997: Kashmir is one of eight
major issues:Pakistan and India pinpoint
eight issues to be discussed in future talks
including the issue of Jammu and Kashmir.
However, Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz
Sharif says the country maintains its stand
on Kashmir.
June 25, 1997: India says Kashmir is not a
"disputed territory":At the conclusion of a
second round of talks in Islamabad, India
rejects Pakistan's assertion that Jammu
and Kashmir is a "disputed territory."
Indian Foreign Minister, Salman Haider,
says India will not discuss the status of
Indian-held Kashmir with Pakistan. He
says if anything is to be discussed it will
be "Pakistan-held" Kashmir and northern
areas illegally annexed by Pakistan.
July 26, 1997: Indian Prime Minister
Gujral warns army:At the beginning of a
two-day visit to Jammu and Kashmir,
India's Prime Minister, Inder Kumar
Gujral, warns Indian soldiers in occupied
Kashmir against committing human rights
abuses. He offers to hold unconditional
talks with Kashmiri Mujahedeen groups to
end seven long years of violence in the
region.
July 27, 1997: Gujral does a turnaround:In
a turnaround from the previous day's
statement, Indian Prime Minister, Inder
Kumar Gujral, says that Kashmir's freedom
fighters would have to surrender their
arms before peace talks with the
government could begin.
August 10, 1997: increase in reports of
harassment of Kashmiri women:Reports
are coming through of Kashmiri women
and girls being arrested, tortured and
r***d. The chairperson of the Indian
Commission for Women, Dr. Mohini Giri,
said Kashmiri women were being treated
in the most inhumane way all over
Kashmir.
September 27, 1997: India renews armed
forces laws:India directs the state
government in Indian-occupied Jammu
and Kashmir to renew two special laws.
These laws give a free hand and immunity
to the armed forces. The Special Powers
Act and the Disturbed Areas Act originally
came into effect in 1990 and were to
expire in early October.
October 12, 1997: rioting after Jami
Mosque desecration:Angry anti-India
demonstrations are sparked by the
desecration of the historic Jamia Mosque
in Srinagar by Indian troops. They
besieged the mosque, entered it wearing
their boots and carried out an extensive
search for three hours.
February 8, 1998: fear over "Kashaf
commandos":The APHC's executive
committee expresses grave concern over
the formation of a secret force, the
"Kashaf commandos," by Indian forces.
The newly formed force creates
dissension among the Kashmiri
Mujahideen and fans the flames of
communal violence by killing members of
the Hindu minority in Muslim majority
areas and then blaming the Mujahideen
for the actions.
March 19, 1998: Governor confesses
India's human rights violations:The
governor of Jammu and Kashmir, KV
Krishna Rao, confesses that Indian forces
were responsible for massacre of Kashmiri
people on several occasions and that he
felt deeply for these human rights
violations.
April 2, 1998: Pakistan accused of
fomenting war in Kashmir:India's new
Hindu nationalist government accuses
Pakistan of helping Kashmiri separatists
and warns it is ready to respond to the
"proxy war" in Kashmir.
April 10, 1998: Pakistan and India should
"go the extra mile":United States
Ambassador to the United Nations, Bill
Richardson, urges Pakistan and India to
"go the extra mile" and hold a dialogue
on Kashmir and other issues in order to
stop the nuclear missile race in the area.
April 22, 1998: appointment of new
Kashmir governor:The Bharatiya Janata
Party (BJP) government appoints Girsh
Saxena as Governor of Jammu and
Kashmir. The appointment is resented by
human rights activists and intellectuals
who demanded a senior politician close to
Kashmir be sent as governor.
May 24, 1998: major offensive against
Mujahedeen:Kashmir's Chief Minister,
Farooq Abdullah, says India will launch a
major offensive against "foreign" fighters
in the northern state of Kashmir and that
the Indian government is ready to "flush"
the Mujahedeen out of the state.
May 26, 1998: Indian troops and
Mujahedeen clash:In Indian-occupied
Kashmir, Mujahedeen clash with Indian
troops in the Keri, Rajauri area.
May 30, 1998: India responds to nuclear
testing:In response to Pakistan's nuclear
testing, India warns Islamabad about
Kashmir. Indian Prime Minister Atal
Behari Vajpayee says while India was
ready to talk to Pakistan it should harbor
no ambitions towards capturing Kashmir.
Pakistan says it is prepared to have a
non-aggression pact with India on the
basis of just settlement of the Kashmir
issue.
June 6, 1998: Pakistan proposes Kashmir
resolution and a halt to nuclear arms
buildup:Pakistani Prime Minister, Nawaz
Sharif, proposes talks between Islamabad
and New Delhi to stop the South Asian
arms race and urges the international
community to help resolve the issue of
Kashmir.
August 1, 1998: "massive" joint
operations against Mujahedeen:India's
Home Minister, L.K. Advani, says more
forces are being sent to Indian-occupied
Kashmir for "massive" joint operations.
He said this is due to the fact that the
Kashmiri Mujahedeen have intensified
their efforts in the valley for the last
many months.
August 19, 1998: Vajpayee wants new
talks:India's Prime Minister, Atal Behari
Vajpayee, offers talks with Pakistan.
However, he says the dialogue has to be
comprehensive and not just focused on
Kashmir.
August 26, 1998: India bans Britannica
CD-ROM: India bans importation of
Encyclopedia Britannica on CD-ROM
because it shows Kashmir as a disputed
territory.
August 29, 1998: Nelson Mandela's
involvement in Kashmir issue urged: The
Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF)
calls on South African President, Nelson
Mandela, to persuade Pakistani and
Indian teams attending a Non-Aligned
Movement meeting to solve the Kashmir
issue in a peaceful, democratic and
permanent manner.
September 2,1998: NAM calls for
resolution of Kashmir dispute:For the first
time in history, the Non-Aligned
Movement (NAM) calls for a peaceful
resolution of the dispute over Jammu and
Kashmir. Nelson Mandela, who chaired
the 12th NAM summit, says everyone
should hope the issue of Jammu and
Kashmir is solved through peaceful
negotiations and everyone should be
willing to help resolve the matter.
Indian Prime Minister Atal Behari
Vajpayee says "third parties" should stay
out of the Kashmir dispute.
September 23, 1998: Pakistan and India
agree to resume Kashmir talks:Pakistan
and India agree to resume stalled
dialogue on Kashmir and other security
issues.
October 18, 1998: no agreement between
India and Pakistan:The first diplomatic
talks between the two countries since
nuclear testing was conducted by the two
in May, end in Islamabad. There is no
agreement on how to ease tensions in
the area.
May 26, 1999: India launches air strikes
against Mujahedeen in Kargil:After three
weeks of "intense skirmishes" between
India and Pakistan, India launches air
strikes to "flush out" Mujahedeen on its
side of a Kashmir cease-fire line. India
claims up to 680 "Afghan militants,"
backed by Pakistan, have invaded high
ridges and another 400 are waiting to
cross over to the Indian side of the Line
of Control. Pakistan calls the air strikes
"very, very serious" and puts its troops
on high alert. India and Pakistan agree to
hold talks over Kashmir in the first sign
that the two sides might be trying to
defuse escalating tensions.
June 1999: Kashmir peace hope
flounders:As India promises to continue
ground and air strikes against infiltrators,
a senior Indian minister warns there is
little point in peace talks with Pakistan.
But after some time, talks on Kashmir are
confirmed. Pakistan and India fix a date
for their first significant attempt to defuse
the tension over Kashmir.
However, India continues its assault on
suspected infiltrators holed up in the
Himalayas with fresh air strikes, ahead of
talks with Pakistan. India and Pakistan
end their talks on the fierce fighting in
Kashmir without agreement on how to
halt the conflict. India presses ahead with
its military offensive a day after US
President Clinton asks Pakistan to
persuade them to pull out.
July 1999: Clinton urges India-Pakistan
talks:India announces it has taken the
key Tiger Hill peak following an all-out
assault. Mujahedeen fighters are reported
to be leaving the mountains of Indian-
occupied Kashmir as both Pakistan and
India claim victory in the two-month
conflict. As fighting in the territory dies
down, Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz
Sharif appeals for a permanent
settlement of the Kashmir dispute.
February 2000: US President makes
statement:President Bill Clinton says he
would be happy to mediate between
India and Pakistan over the Kashmir
conflict -- if asked.
March 2000: killings in mosque:Indian
troops in kashmir kill three separatists in
a mosque near the border town of
Handwara. In the same month, 36 Sikhs
are massacred in the village of
Chattisinghpora.
July 2000: India celebrates Kargil
"victory":India holds special ceremonies
to mark the first anniversary of its
"victory" in the Kargil conflict with
Pakistan.
August 2000: more negotiations:The
Indian government and Mujahedeen
commanders prepare for a round of peace
talks.
November 2000: call for Muslim nations
to cut ties with India:A leading separatist,
Syed Salahuddin, calls on Muslim nations
to cut diplomatic and economic ties with
India. At the same time, Kashmiri leaders
call on India to recognize the territory as
disputed and to hold talks with Pakistan
and Kashmiri leaders.
June 2001: fresh talks:A new round of
talks are slated to begin between India
and Pakistan on the issue of Kashmir.
July 2001: Agra Summit:Indian Prime
Minister, Atal Behari Vajpayee, and
Pakistani President, Pervez Musharraf,
meet in Agra, India for a summit on
relations between the two nations.
india-pakistan dialogue
hand shake and hug
india said terrorist attacks
pakistan said Kashmir issue solve u call
terrorist attack we call it freedom fighter.
solution next visit pakistan PM.
dialogue end.
another attack dialogue started
handshake n hug again same talks
Kashmir want freedom dialogue end
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