09/20/2025
Excellent article with historical insights to the early masters of Taiji.
I would like to share here, for everyoneโs enjoyment, a popular account of Yang Jianhouโs life.
Many people give weight to Yang Banhou and Yang Shaohou for their combat prowess, yet forget that Yang Jianhou himself was another martial genius with a fascinating history. ๐๐ช๐ด ๐ด๐ฌ๐ช๐ญ๐ญ๐ด ๐ฑ๐ฐ๐ด๐ด๐ฆ๐ด๐ด๐ฆ๐ฅ ๐ถ๐ฏ๐ช๐ฒ๐ถ๐ฆ ๐ค๐ฉ๐ข๐ณ๐ข๐ค๐ต๐ฆ๐ณ๐ช๐ด๐ต๐ช๐ค๐ด ๐ฒ๐ถ๐ช๐ต๐ฆ ๐ฅ๐ช๐ง๐ง๐ฆ๐ณ๐ฆ๐ฏ๐ต ๐ง๐ณ๐ฐ๐ฎ ๐ต๐ฉ๐ฐ๐ด๐ฆ ๐ฐ๐ง ๐ฉ๐ช๐ด ๐ฆ๐ญ๐ฅ๐ฆ๐ณ ๐ฃ๐ณ๐ฐ๐ต๐ฉ๐ฆ๐ณ ๐๐ข๐ฏ๐ฉ๐ฐ๐ถโ๐ด๐ฐ ๐ฅ๐ช๐ด๐ต๐ช๐ฏ๐ค๐ต๐ช๐ท๐ฆ, ๐ช๐ฏ ๐ง๐ข๐ค๐ต, ๐ต๐ฉ๐ข๐ต ๐ต๐ฉ๐ฆ๐บ ๐ด๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ฆ๐ฅ ๐ข๐ญ๐ฎ๐ฐ๐ด๐ต ๐ข ๐ฏ๐ฆ๐ธ ๐ข๐ณ๐ต.
Because this article has no formal scholarly citationsโit is a piece widely circulated on the Chinese internetโplease understand it as โ๐จ๐๐๐ค๐ฃ๐๐๐ง๐ฎ ๐๐ซ๐๐๐๐ฃ๐๐.โ Still, I personally find many of its principles align with reality and with my own experience training in the lineages of Master Zhu Chunxuan (from Wang Yongquan) and Tian Zhaolin, so Iโm sharing it here.
๐ฏ ๐๐๐ข๐ง ๐๐๐ฑ๐ญ ๐ฏ
๐๐๐๐ ๐ฑ๐๐๐๐๐๐ was born with โ๐๐๐ฏ๐๐ชโ (็ปไฝ โ ๐จ๐ช๐๐ฉ๐ก๐ ๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ฉ๐๐ก ๐๐๐๐๐๐ฃ๐). โXizhuโ is the state just before entering worldly concentration for a spiritual cultivator. A person in Xizhu cannot pe*****te worldly phenomena but can perceive them. Those born with Xizhu are considered natural material for cultivation.
Jianhou did not like studying martial arts. Yet even though he disliked it, he had to learn. Yang Luchan saw from the start that Jianhou was no ordinary personโ by nature, he was suited for internal boxing, and in the future, the one who would uphold the Yang familyโs honor would surely be Jianhou.
In Shandong and Hebei, many loved martial arts.โ Yang Luchan himself was obsessed with them: whatever could be learned, he learnedโlike a sea receiving hundreds of rivers, depth beyond measure. He crammed everything he had learned, like stuffing sausage, into Jianhouโs body. The basic training alone nearly killed Jianhou with exhaustion, yet he still had to finish dozens of internal and external sets taught by his father. After that came saber, spear, and countless weapons. He could hardly endure it, but Luchan still had more:
internal and external skills, hidden weapons, slingshotsโ
Jianhou suffered so much he wanted to die (according to legend, he even once attempted su***de but failed).
In Taijiquan, neigong (internal power) is the hardest to master,
yet Jianhouโs internal power grew quickly. mFor him, the worst hardship was physical pain. He was so exhausted that every muscle and bone ached unbearably. But in martial arts, basic training is paramountโas the saying goes: โEndure the bitterest of bitterness to become the superior man.โ In the end, Jianhou endured.
He began push-hands almost without instructionโhe could neutralize (hua jin) better than anyone and could already send people flying. When he Fajin, no one could escape.
His emitted Jin was swift and lightโnimble. ๐๐ถ๐ค๐ฉ๐ข๐ฏ ๐ธ๐ข๐ด ๐ข๐ด๐ต๐ฐ๐ฏ๐ช๐ด๐ฉ๐ฆ๐ฅ: โ๐๐ฉ๐บ ๐ช๐ด ๐ต๐ฉ๐ช๐ด ๐ฏ๐ฐ๐ต ๐ญ๐ช๐ฌ๐ฆ ๐ธ๐ฉ๐ข๐ต ๐ ๐ญ๐ฆ๐ข๐ณ๐ฏ๐ฆ๐ฅ ๐ง๐ณ๐ฐ๐ฎ ๐ต๐ฉ๐ฆ ๐๐ฉ๐ฆ๐ฏ ๐ง๐ข๐ฎ๐ช๐ญ๐บ?โ
Jianhou loved slingshots. He would shoot one pellet into the sky, then strike it mid-air with another: Bang! The two collided and shattered into dust. Luchan could not help but say:
โMy son, youโre extraordinaryโyouโre practically Zhang San Feng reborn!โ
Jianhou asked: โWho is Zhang San Feng?โ
Luchan replied: โWho is Zhang San Feng? I donโt know. But who is Zhang San Fengโyou are!โ
Those in Xizhuโwhen they train internal power, if they wish for qi, there is qi; if they wish for shen (spirit), there is shen. Taijiquan naturally has the function of guiding energy.
Once past the ordeal of aching muscles and skin,
after loosening both hips and shoulders,
without realizing it Jianhouโs dantian was already full of qi.
A Taiji practitioner able to issue Zheng jin (ๆดๅฒ โ whole-body power) was considered to have โentered the gateโ (in the terms of that era).
๐ต๐ข๐ก ๐ฝ๐๐๐โ๐๐ข ๐ค๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ก: ๐คโ๐๐ โ๐ ๐ก๐๐ข๐โ๐๐ โ๐๐๐๐ ๐ก๐ ๐น๐๐๐๐, ๐คโ๐๐ก ๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ก๐๐๐ฆ ๐ค๐๐ ๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐ ๐ฝ๐๐ (่ฝป็ตๅฒ โ ๐๐๐โ๐ก ๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐ค๐๐).
What is qing ling jin? Li Yaxuan said:
โHard power is not as good as stiff-soft power;
stiff-soft power is not as good as sinking-relaxed power;
sinking-relaxed power is not as good as light-agile power(Qingling Jin) ;
light-agile power(Qingling Jin) is not as good as emptiness power.โ
He divided power into five kinds:
Hard power (็กฌๅฒ) โ the ordinary power people use.
Stiff-soft power (ๅตๆๅฒ) โ after some Taiji practice, parts of the body are unevenly stiff and soft; localized power feels hard at the point of contact.
Sinking-relaxed power (ๆพๆฒๅฒ) โ whole-body power, rising from the feet and arriving instantly at the contact point.
Light-agile power (่ฝป็ตๅฒ)or Qingling Jin โ whole-body power with internal energy, but felt light at the point of contact.
Emptiness power (่ๆ ๅฒ) โ almost no sensation at contact, like a storm sweeping grass flat.
In demonstrations for victory or defeat, most people ignored which power was usedโbut Jianhou thought otherwise:
power must be issued subtly to be supreme.
While assisting his father in teaching, he began forbidding the use of hard power, instructing students to issue Zheng Jin(Whole body power) and to learn QIngling Jin.
From here, Yang-style Taijiquan took on its own character.
When Jianhou became head of the Yang clan, he reformed the frame: in his middle frame (ไธญๆถๅญ) he replaced many big steps with Chuanzi Bu (ๅทๅญๆญฅ). Thus, Yang style finally diverged completely from Chen style. Jianhouโs qing ling jin was extremely captivatingโ if you truly master it, even on pain of death you wouldnโt seek another style.
But it demands strong internal power: without it you cannot perform or even attempt it. Many in Yang and Wu families spent their lives pursuing this power. Even today some can use it,
yet compared to Jianhouโs issuance in his day, they are far behind. He did not โplayโ with this powerโhe used it.
In fact, merely being able to issue Zheng Jin is already very hardโ Qingling Jin(light-agile power) is rarer still. In modern push-hands competitions, people mostly use hard or stiff-soft powerโ
rarely true whole-body Taiji power. As humans evolved from four-legged to two-legged, the spine changed, hip joints became compressed.
As the brain grew smarter, the integrated function of limbs and body declinedโ
perhaps the price of intelligence.
Taijiquan practice is meant to reverse this:
๐ด๐๐๐๐ ๐กโ๐ ๐ก๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ (ๅฐพ้พ), ๐๐๐๐ ๐๐ ๐๐๐กโ โ๐๐๐ .๐โ๐ ๐๐๐ ๐ก ๐ค๐๐ฆ ๐ก๐ ๐๐๐๐ ๐๐ โ๐๐๐ : ๐๐๐ค-๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐ก๐๐๐ (็ๆถๅญ) ๐๐๐ ๐ค๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐ค ๐ ๐ก๐๐๐ (่ตฐ็ฎๆญฅ).๐โ๐ ๐๐๐ ๐ก๐๐๐๐ก๐๐๐ ๐๐ โ๐๐๐๐ก๐ฆ ๐๐๐ ๐๐ข๐๐โ ๐๐๐๐ ๐๐ ๐กโ๐ โ๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐ก๐ .๐โ๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐ ๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐ ๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐ก๐ ๐ ๐๐ข๐ ๐ก๐ฆ ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐โ๐๐ก ๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐ข๐๐๐๐ฆ.๐โ๐๐, ๐๐ข๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐ก๐๐๐, ๐ฆ๐๐ข ๐๐ข๐ก๐๐๐๐ก๐๐๐๐๐๐ฆ ๐ ๐๐๐ ๐ ๐๐๐กโ โ๐๐๐ ,๐๐ก ๐๐๐๐๐ ๐กโ๐๐ฆ โ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐๐๐ข๐ ๐ก๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐.๐น๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐ ๐ก ๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐ ๐ก๐ ๐๐ข๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐ ๐๐๐ฆ ๐ก๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐กโ๐ ๐๐ ๐ฆ๐๐๐๐ .๐๐๐ก๐โ ๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐ก๐๐.๐ฟ๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐ก๐ ๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐ก๐๐โ๐๐ก ๐กโ๐ ๐ ๐ก๐๐๐ก, โ๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐ ๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ข๐๐ก.๐ด๐๐ก๐๐ ๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐ โ๐๐๐ ๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐ก๐๐๐๐๐๐๐, ๐๐๐๐ ๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐ก๐๐โ๐๐กโ๐๐๐ค๐๐ ๐ ๐กโ๐ ๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐ข๐ ๐๐๐๐ ๐ค๐๐๐ ๐ ๐ค๐๐๐ ๐๐๐ ๐๐โ๐.๐๐๐๐ โ๐๐๐ ๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐ ๐, ๐กโ๐ ๐คโ๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐ฆ ๐๐๐ ๐๐ ๐ ๐ข๐ ๐๐๐ค๐๐.๐โ๐๐๐-๐๐๐๐ฆ ๐๐๐ค๐๐ ๐ ๐๐ข๐๐๐ ๐๐๐ฃ๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐ข๐ก ๐ โ๐๐ข๐๐ ๐๐ ๐๐๐ ๐๐๐ ๐กโ๐๐ โ๐๐๐ ๐๐๐ค๐๐:๐๐ก ๐ก๐๐๐ฃ๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐ก โ ๐๐๐ โ ๐ค๐๐๐ ๐ก/๐๐๐๐ฆ โ ๐๐๐ โ ๐ค๐๐๐ ๐ก โ ๐๐๐๐ก๐๐๐ก ๐๐๐๐๐ก.๐ธ๐๐๐๐ฆ ๐๐๐๐๐ ๐ ๐ก๐ข๐๐๐๐ก๐ , ๐๐ฃ๐๐ ๐๐ โ๐๐๐ ๐๐๐ ๐ค๐๐๐ ๐ก ๐๐๐๐ ๐๐,๐๐๐ก๐๐ โ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐๐ก๐ก๐๐ ๐๐๐ก๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐ค๐๐ ๐๐๐๐โ๐๐๐ ๐กโ๐ ๐ค๐๐๐ ๐ก๐ โโ๐๐๐๐ ๐ค๐๐๐ ๐ก-๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐ ๐๐๐ข๐๐๐๐ ๐๐ข๐ก ๐๐ฃ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐.
Lacking power to the hands, they use only hard or stiff-soft power. Thus, early on, if sinking-relaxed power is issued, it comes from upper or forearm, not torso or handโ a point sadly seldom mentioned.
Only Jianhou was truly a โDivine Adhering Sacred Handโโ
once he touched you, you could not escape. His principle: โOne light, two whole, three firm, four agile.โ
What is โone light, two wholeโ?
When we push a cart or wall, we use Zheng Jin(whole-body power)โ but even to pierce window paper with a saliva-wet finger, we can still use whole-body force lightly. That is โone light, two whole,โ and Jianhou could do it.
He deemed light-agility most importantโ
if you are truly agile, you need not first exert hand force.
Jianhou slightly modified Wu Yuxiangโs final sentence, making it:
โWhen moving once, the whole body must be lightโagile and fully connected. Qi should be expansive, Shen contained within.
Let there be no flaws, no protrusions or hollows, no breaks.
Root at the feet, issue through the legs, command at the waist,
express at the fingertipsโ from foot through leg through waist, it must be one continuous Jin.โ
From Chen Longxiangโs Yang Family Taijiquan Methods.
โYang Jian (style name: Jianhou, sobriquet: Jinghu)
was called โThird Misterโ (ไธๅ
็) and, in old age, โthe Elder.โ
Born in the 22nd year of Daoguang (1839), he trained under his father from youth with hardships ordinary people could not bear.
He once contemplated su***de but was discovered in time.
His fighting skill was superbโhis boxing blended hardness and softness to perfection. He mastered all weaponsโsaber, sword, spear, long staffโnone eluded him. Gentle in character, he rarely fought others. He had many followers; a single hint from him enabled their progress. He passed away in the 6th year of the Republic (1917) without illness. A few hours before death, a dream forewarned him. He summoned family and disciples, gave instructions, bathed, changed clothes, and passed smiling.โ
Yang Chengfuโs wide-frame (85-posture) form derivedโslightly modifiedโfrom Jianhouโs frame. Fixed-step push hands (ๅฎๆญฅๆจๆ) and the Four Primary Hands (ๅๆญฃๆ) were his creations.
Yangโs โDa Lรผโ (ๆจๆฐๅคงๅฑฅ) and Moving Four Primary Hands (ๆดปๆญฅๅๆญฃๆ) were likewise set by him. His most famous disciples: Xu Yusheng (่ฎธ็ฆน็) and Li Jinglin (ๆๆฏๆ).
(๐๐ฐ๐ต๐ฆ: ๐๐ช๐ข๐ฏ๐ฉ๐ฐ๐ถ ๐ข๐ญ๐ด๐ฐ ๐ฑ๐ฆ๐ณ๐ด๐ฐ๐ฏ๐ข๐ญ๐ญ๐บ ๐ต๐ข๐ถ๐จ๐ฉ๐ต ๐ฐ๐ต๐ฉ๐ฆ๐ณ๐ด ๐ฃ๐ถ๐ต ๐ฉ๐ข๐ฅ ๐ต๐ฉ๐ฆ๐ฎ ๐ง๐ฐ๐ณ๐ฎ๐ข๐ญ๐ญ๐บ ๐ฃ๐ฐ๐ธ ๐ต๐ฐ ๐๐ฉ๐ฆ๐ฏ๐จ๐ง๐ถ ๐ต๐ฐ ๐ฃ๐ฐ๐ฐ๐ด๐ต ๐ฉ๐ช๐ด ๐ด๐ฐ๐ฏโ๐ด ๐ณ๐ฆ๐ฑ๐ถ๐ต๐ข๐ต๐ช๐ฐ๐ฏโ๐ด๐ถ๐ค๐ฉ ๐ด๐ต๐ถ๐ฅ๐ฆ๐ฏ๐ต๐ด ๐ช๐ฏ๐ค๐ญ๐ถ๐ฅ๐ฆ ๐๐ช๐ข๐ฏ ๐ก๐ฉ๐ข๐ฐ๐ญ๐ช๐ฏ, ๐๐ช๐ถ ๐๐ฉ๐ถ๐ฏ๐ฎ๐ช๐ฏ๐จ, ๐๐ช ๐ ๐ข๐น๐ถ๐ข๐ฏ, ๐ข๐ฏ๐ฅ ๐๐ข๐ฏ๐จ ๐ ๐ฐ๐ฏ๐จ๐ฒ๐ถ๐ข๐ฏ.)