Tai Chi Chuan in Riverside, Loma Linda, & Redlands CA

10/14/2026

Ever wondered which scientific studies hold the most weight? Here’s your guide to understanding the hierarchy of evidence 🌟🔬📊

📈 1️⃣ Meta-analysis & Systematic Review: A systematic review is the use of a predetermined and comprehensive searching and screening method to identify relevant articles during a tertiary analysis. A meta-analysis is a statistical method of combining results from separate studies to determine overall conclusions about a question or hypothesis. If the studies included in the meta-analysis are strong, the strength of the evidence is as strong as it gets!🔍
🔬 2️⃣ Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT): An experimental study in which some participants are randomly assigned to an active intervention group and some participants are assigned to a control group, and all participants from both groups are followed forward in time to see who has a favorable outcome and who does not. Often called the “gold standard” for research! 🏆
🌟 3️⃣ Prospective Cohort Study: A study that follows participants forward in time. The term usually refers to cohort studies that recruit participants based on their exposure status. Also called a longitudinal cohort study. Think long-term tracking but cannot prove cause and effect! ⏳
🔄 4️⃣ Retrospective Cohort Study/Case-Controlled Study: A cohort study that recruits participants based on data about their exposure status at some point in the past and typically also measures outcomes that have already occurred (but happened after the baseline exposures were established); also called a historic cohort study. Participants recall past occurrences. 🕵️‍♂️
🔎 5️⃣ Cross-Sectional Study: Provides a snapshot of a population at a specific point in time and can help with identifying patterns. 📅
📝 6️⃣ Case Studies/Case Reports/Expert Opinion: Detailed reports on individual cases or expert insights. Helpful but less generalizable. 🗣️
🐭 7️⃣ Animal Studies: Offer initial insights into biological processes, though results may not always translate to humans. 🐕🐰

10/14/2026

Types of Incorrect Information:
1. Misinformation: wrong or misleading information
2. Disinformation: Deliberately false information intended to deceive
3. Mal-information: Based on reality but used to inflict harm on a person, organization or country

Learn more about how Food & Nutrition Communicators can manage types of incorrect information: https://bit.ly/3xICcdM

10/14/2026

Tai chi may boost immune response to flu shot
2007
By Amy Norton NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - The traditional Chinese arts of tai chi and qigong may help boost older adults' immune response to the flu vaccine, a preliminary study suggests.
Older adults are advised to have a flu shot every year since they are at risk of flu complications such as pneumonia. However, some older people fail to have a strong enough immune response to the vaccine to confer protection from the flu virus.
In the new study, researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign tested whether a combination of tai chi and qigong might bolster older adults' immune responses to the flu vaccine.
Both tai chi and qigong (pronounced "chee-kung") are ancient Chinese practices designed to promote good health. Qigong combines gentle movements, meditation and breathing techniques; tai chi involves slow, fluid movements combined with mental imagery and deep breathing.
Recent studies have indicated that older adults can reap a number of health benefits from tai chi, such as lower blood pressure, a lower risk of falls and improved arthritis symptoms. The effects of tai chi on immune function have been less researched, but one recent study found that the practice seemed to enhance older adults' immunity against the varicella-zoster virus, which causes shingles.
The current study involved 50 adults in their 70s, about half of whom started a regimen of tai chi and qigong. They had three one-hour classes per week, where they learned a series of gentle movements and practiced standing and seated meditation. The rest of the study participants served as a comparison group.
At the start of the study, all participants received a flu vaccine.
Blood tests taken over the next five months showed that the tai chi/qigong group produced more antibodies against the flu virus than the comparison group had -- signaling a better response to the flu vaccine.
The findings are published in the American Journal of Chinese Medicine.
While the results suggest that tai chi and qigong may improve older adults' response to the flu vaccine, this is only a "proof-of-concept study," lead author Dr. Yang Yang told Reuters Health. Yang is an adjunct professor of kinesiology and community health at the Illinois university and a master of tai chi and qigong.
Larger studies are still needed to confirm the findings, he said, and to see whether the flu-antibody boost associated with tai chi/qigong is enough to prevent influenza.
According to tradition, Yang noted, tai chi and qigong "cultivate relaxation" and restore harmony to the body. But he said it's not yet clear exactly how, on a physiological level, the practices might enhance immunity.
SOURCE: American Journal of Chinese Medicine, August 2007

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10/12/2026

Tai chi can help build strength, relieve pain

Health News | Fri Oct 9, 2015
By Madeline Kennedy
(Reuters Health) - For people with chronic illnesses ranging from cancer to arthritis, Tai chi exercises may improve walking, build strength and reduce pain, according to a new analysis of past research.
The slow and gentle movements of Tai chi, a modified form of an ancient Chinese martial art, may be especially suitable for middle aged and older people with multiple health conditions, the authors write in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.
“Given the fact that many middle-aged and older persons have more than one chronic condition, it is important to examine the benefits of treatment/exercise interventions across several co-existing conditions,” lead author Yi-Wen Chen, from the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada, told Reuters Health by email.
Chen’s team analyzed results from 33 studies that looked at the effects of Tai chi among people with four chronic conditions: cancer, heart failure, osteoarthritis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a group of lung disorders that make breathing difficult. Some of them also had additional health problems.
Tai chi is a set of exercises that emphasize breathing control, whole body exercises with bent knees and slow, flowing movements. In addition to strength, it can help to improve posture, balance and concentration, the researchers note.
The studies Chen and her colleagues collected had a total of more than 1,500 participants and used Tai chi as an intervention for any of the four chronic conditions.
The researchers assessed the effect of Tai chi on how far a person could walk in six minutes, lower body muscle strength, the time required to go from sitting to standing, quality of life and depression.
The researchers also looked at the effects on specific symptoms of certain conditions, such as pain and stiffness in osteoarthritis and breathing problems for people with COPD.
They found that performance on the six-minute walking test improved for both heart failure and COPD patients. Tai chi also improved knee strength in one heart failure study and one COPD study.
Tai chi helped to decrease depression in heart failure patients, while other interventions such as stress management worked better than Tai chi for cancer patients. Tai chi did not improve blood pressure in heart failure patients.
For osteoarthritis patients, the time taken to stand up, overall physical function, and general quality of life significantly improved with Tai chi. Symptoms of pain and stiffness were also markedly reduced.
Rhayun Song of Chungnam National University in Korea, who studies Tai chi’s effect on osteoarthritis but wasn’t involved in this new study, said Tai chi is well suited to people with chronic conditions who may have physical limitations.
Also In Health News
“Tai chi can be modified according to their physical condition (i.e., in sitting, standing, less bended knees, small steps, etc.) to perform it within their comfort zone,“ Song said by email.
Song also noted that an advantage of Tai chi over other exercise is the particular style of Tai chi walking, which is different from normal walking. In this exercise, a person first takes an “empty” step, then transfers the weight.
This movement explains “why we can expect to see the improvement in knee muscle strength, balance, bone mineral density compared with other types of exercise,” Song said.
Chen advised that anyone starting a new exercise program should consult with their doctor to ensure it is safe. “This type of exercise can be enjoyable, improve fitness and well-being without aggravating symptoms,” she said.
SOURCE: bit.ly/1KApn2i British Journal of Sports Medicine, online September 17, 2015.

Background Many middle-aged and older persons have more than one chronic condition. Thus, it is important to synthesise the effectiveness of interventions across several comorbidities. The aim of this systematic review was to summarise current evidence regarding the effectiveness of Tai Chi in indiv...

10/12/2026

Just like our Monday night class at UC Riverside?

10/10/2026

I found this old article on prevention of heart disease. As you know when I was going to grad school in Public Health one area of interest was prevention of heart disease. I spent hundreds of hours in the library pouring through research as far back as I could find. That information came in handy when I worked at NAHI, a preventive medicine and testing clinic, working in cardiac rehab at Centinela Hospital and counseling patients. Exercise is very important to lower risk, and a lot of new data has come out recently showing staying fit combined with a good diet is important. I will discuss that in class. A low saturated fat diet seems to keep coming back, and shows that even the older research recommended a low fat diet.

Many old research studies showed that a low saturated fat diet was beneficial in reducing heart disease risk. Are there other factors, yes such as genetics and exercise. This study is one I haven't seen previously. I actually was looking for the Irish Cohort study that compared brothers, one who moved to the USA and the other who stayed in Ireland in terms of lifestyle, diet and heart disease risk. I found this one instead. It does show a benefit to lowering saturated fat in the diet. More modern studies by Ornish and others have found great benefit to lowering fat in the diet. Though there are some who promote a high fat diet with no data to show it prevents heart disease. Hope it is interesting for you.

Harvey Kurland

Seven Countries Study
Study Category: The Cohort Studies (1947-1972)

Year Begun: 1957

Location: U.S., Italy, Greece, Yugoslavia, the Netherlands, Finland, and Japan
Principal Investigator:
Keys, Ancel




Background/Questions
The Seven Countries Study was first to examine systematically the relation among diet, lifestyle, risk factors and rates of coronary heart disease and stroke in populations contrasting in diet, especially dietary fat. The idea arose in the minds of investigators who integrated clinical, laboratory, and early population evidence into questions about the cultural origins and possible prevention of mass cardiovascular diseases (CVD).
Methods/Design
Ancel Keys gave the study its scope, design, and direction and coordinated the program from Minnesota, with field surveys beginning in 1957 in the U.S., Italy, Greece, Yugoslavia, the Netherlands, Finland, and Japan. Repeat surveys for characteristics and morbidity were made at 5 and 10- year anniversaries and follow-up of mortality is complete for 45 years, with excellent response rates throughout. Standardized methods were developed for measurements and diagnoses; teams were centrally trained, and data were blinded and centrally analyzed. The populations were predominantly rural and engaged in traditional agricultural (or fishing, logging) pursuits. Due to the rarity worldwide of CVD among women in the 1950s, the study was confined to men ages 40-59. The study has been extended to include elderly cohorts in Finland, the Netherlands, and Italy, and enhanced by new dietary surveys and analyses. Multivariate analyses of single and combined measurements are now mainly by Cox hazard ratio analysis.
Results
The Seven Countries Study provided evidence confirming the original hypotheses, that elevated mean blood cholesterol levels and intake of saturated fatty acids is a major and apparently necessary factor in the population burden of atherosclerotic diseases. Populations with saturated acid intake less than 10 percent of daily energy have little coronary heart disease or thrombotic stroke despite widely varying total fat intake or usual levels of blood pressure or high rates of to***co use. Multivariate analysis of population rates and risk factors reveal that diet and smoking “explain” most of the differences in population rates and that the “standard” CVD risk factors operate universally within populations.
Conclusions/Discussion
The main implications of the Seven Countries Study are that the mass burden and epidemic of atherosclerotic diseases has cultural origins, is preventable, can change rapidly, and is strongly influenced by the fatty composition of the habitual diet. The study implies the universal susceptibility of humans to CVD but that the frequency of susceptible phenotypes is greatly reduced in favorable environments. It suggests there may be other and important protective elements in the diet and lifestyles of Crete and Japan. (HB)

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10/09/2026

T'ai Chi Ch'uan and Heart Disease.
This study is inconclusive in T'ai Chi's effect on preventing heart disease. This is an area I have had great interest for over 50 years, first when I was in Public Health and later as a clinical exercise physiologist and doing both preventive work and performing Cardiac Rehabilitation. Though several studies have shown Blood Pressure reduction in T'ai-chi groups, including the study just published on our class showing significant reduction in blood pressure in both normal seniors and diabetic seniors with neuropathy. High Blood Pressure is a major risk factor for Heart Disease.

In terms of CHD risk, Diet is probably a more important factor as any benefit from the exercise can be negated by a poor diet and smoking to***co. I know of several t'ai chi ch'uan teachers, some very famous, who had heart disease, bypass surgery and one who died suddenly in his 40s. Genetics plays a roll as does diet, exercise and not smoking. - Harvey Kurland, MSc, MFS, CSCS,

Tai chi for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease.
Hartley L1, Flowers N, Lee MS, Ernst E, Rees K.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Apr 9;4:CD010366. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010366.pub2.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Stress and a sedentary lifestyle are major determinants of cardiovascular disease (CVD). As tai chi involves exercise and can help in stress reduction, it may be effective in the primary prevention of CVD.
OBJECTIVES:
To determine the effectiveness of tai chi for the primary prevention of CVD.
SEARCH METHODS:
We searched the following electronic databases: the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (Issue 11, 2013); MEDLINE (Ovid) (1946 to November week 3, 2013); EMBASE Classic + EMBASE (Ovid) (1947 to 6 December 2013); Web of Science (Thomson Reuters) (1970 to 6 December 2013); PsycINFO (Ovid) (1806 to December week 1, 2013); Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE); Health Technology Assessment Database and Health Economics Evaluations Database (Issue 4, 2013). We also searched the Allied and complementary Medicine Database (AMED) and OpenGrey (inception to October 2012) and several Asian databases. We searched trial registers and reference lists of reviews for further studies. We applied no language restrictions.
SELECTION CRITERIA:
Randomised controlled trials of tai chi lasting at least three months involving healthy adults or adults at high risk of CVD. The comparison group was no intervention or minimal intervention. The outcomes of interest were CVD clinical events and CVD risk factors. We excluded trials involving multifactorial lifestyle interventions or focusing on weight loss to avoid confounding.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS:
Two review authors independently selected trials for inclusion, abstracted the data and assessed the risk of bias.
MAIN RESULTS:
We identified 13 small trials (1520 participants randomised) and three ongoing trials. All studies had at least one domain with unclear risk of bias, and some studies were at high risk of bias for allocation concealment (one study) and selective reporting (two studies). Duration and style of tai chi differed between trials. Seven studies recruited 903 healthy participants, the other studies recruited people with borderline hypertension or hypertension, elderly people at high risk of falling, and people with hypertension with liver and kidney yin deficiency syndrome.No studies reported on cardiovascular mortality, all-cause mortality or non-fatal events as most studies were short term (all studies had follow-up of one year or less). There was also considerable heterogeneity between studies, which meant that it was not possible to combine studies statistically for cardiovascular risk (I(2) statistic for systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 96%, for diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 96%, for total cholesterol 96%, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) 95%, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) 98%, triglycerides 75%). Nine trials measured blood pressure, six individual trials found reductions in SBP (reductions ranged from -22.0 mmHg (95% confidence interval (CI) -26.3 to -17.7) to -11.5 mmHg (95% CI -21.5 to -1.46)), two trials found no clear evidence of a difference (however, CIs were wide and an increase or decrease in SBP cannot be ruled out), and one trial found an increase in SBP with tai chi (increase 5.2 mmHg, 95% CI 3.73 to 6.67). A similar pattern was seen for DBP: three trials found a reduction in DBP (reductions ranged from -12.2 mmHg (95% CI -15.8 to -8.7) to -4.43 mmHg (95% CI -7.14 to -1.72)) and three trials found no clear evidence of a difference, however again with wide CIs. Three trials reported lipid levels and two found reductions in total cholesterol, LDL-C and triglycerides (total cholesterol reductions ranged from -1.30 mmol/L (95% CI -1.57 to -1.03) to -0.50 mmol/L (95% CI -0.74 to -0.26): LDL-C reductions ranged from -0.76 mmol/L (95% CI -0.93 to -0.59) to -0.59 mmol/L (95% CI -0.80 to -0.38): triglyceride reductions ranged from -0.46 mmol/L (95% CI -0.62 to -0.30) to -0.37 mmol/L (95% CI -0.67 to-0.07)) and increased HDL-C with the intervention (HDL-C increases ranged from 0.61 mmol/L (95% CI 0.51 to 0.71) to 0.16 mmol/L (95% CI 0.02 to 0.30)), while the third study found no clear evidence of a difference between groups on lipid levels. Quality of life was measured in one trial: tai chi improved quality of life at three months. None of the included trials reported on adverse events, costs or occurrence of type 2 diabetes.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS:
There are currently no long-term trials examining tai chi for the primary prevention of CVD. Due to the limited evidence available currently no conclusions can be drawn as to the effectiveness of tai chi on CVD risk factors. There was some suggestion of beneficial effects of tai chi on CVD risk factors but this was not consistent across all studies. There was considerable heterogeneity between the studies included in this review and studies were small and at some risk of bias. Results of the ongoing trials will add to the evidence base but additional longer-term, high-quality trials are needed.

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10/09/2026

History of the Northwest Tai Chi Chuan Association
1999

Tai Chi Chuan, Ch'i Kung information and the History of the NWTCCA in Seattle, Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, Spokane WA, and So. California

"Expectations are Premeditated Resentments" H Kurland

What is the Northwest T'ai Chi Ch'uan Association?

NWTCCA was formed in the early 1970’s in Seattle, WA as a not for profit organization by Senior students of Grandmaster Tchoung Ta-tchen, of blessed memory. Originally the group was called the Chinese T'ai Chi Ch'uan Association and was based in Chinatown at what is now the site of an Asian Health Center. Later the Kwoon was moved to the University District as part of the Chinese Cultural Education Center. The official name of CTCCA was later changed to NWTCCA by Tchoung’s senior students. At that time CTCCA was considered the only place in Seattle to learn the real art of t’ai chi ch’uan.
While there were other teachers in the area at that time, it was clear to those "In the know" Tchoung Ta-tchen was the only real T’ai chi Grandmaster or Master in the area, his "Eyes were high".

Seattle’s other well respected kung fu masters all addressed Tchoung as"Sifu", paying respect to his deep knowledge of the art. In the early1970’s Tchoung was the embodiment of the real t’ai chi in the Pacific Northwest. In Canada advanced t’ai-chi students flocked to him to learn the higher levels of the art that other teachers either did not know or were reluctant to teach. There was some talk at this time that Chinese masters in Vancouver B.C. were unwilling to teach anything more than superficial t'ai chi form to the non-Chinese Canadians. Many of the serious t'ai chi marital art students of those masters moved to Tchoung's Chinese Tai Chi Chuan Association because of this reason. So the serious students flocked to Tchoung’s Kwoon in Chinatown Vancouver and Seattle. It was rumored that he upset other Chinese Kung-fu masters as they claimed he was showing too much to his non-Chinese students. His philosophy was to teach everything to all his students so that the level of t'ai chi ch'uan would grow higher. Though many serious Chinese students also studied with Tchoung because they found he was the only one really teaching the whole art. Though it seems like most of his students were Chinese.
Tchoung was concerned in the decline in skills of t'ai chi ch'uan masters over the years and feared that t'ai chi would be only a calisthenics exercise if the trend continued. So he pushed his students along. Later he took several intermediate level students to China and Taiwan and they won silver medals in open competition. In playful pushing hands, few Chinese masters could stand against them. Several Chinese masters also studied with Tchoung to update their skills in China as well as Vancouver and Seattle.

The NWTCCA is a branch of the Chinese Tai Chi Chuan Association (Canada)which is related to The Chinese T'ai Chi Ch'uan Association of Taiwan. Tchoung was a representative of the CTCCA of Taiwan, his student in Taiwa was an official of that organization in 1977. The Taiwan CTCCA organization sent him as their representative to teach the president of Gabon. CTCCA is the official t'ai-chi ch’uan organization in Taiwan with many different masters as members.Grandmaster Tchoung was a delegate from that organization. The CTCCA is now based in Vancouver BC.

The major NWTCCA groups in California are based at the University of California at Riverside, and was at Loma Linda University Drayson Center but no longer. SW Chapter is headed by Chief Instructor Harvey Kurland . Most local classes are listed on the Class Schedule page of taichifist.com

The SW Chapter of the NWTCCA is based in the Inland Empire of Southern California and centered on UC Riverside. In the 1980s Certified instructors include Stephen Bay, Dan Vendetti, Myra Allen, Suzy Langhorne OBM, Bob Graham, Tom Barrett, Kurt Urtner, Karin Casey, Audrey Hu, Quresh Latif, Connie Confer, Ron Sahli, Scott Mullen, and others.

The major branch of NWTCCA in Seattle today is the Internal Wushu Arts’ XinQi Shen Dojo headed by Sifu Andrew T. Dale. Dale also has several certified students teaching in the Pacific Northwest and other parts of the country.Another certified CTCCA/NWTCCA instructor Sifu David Harris,of blessed memory, also taught in Seattle and specializes in his application style of Shoshin Karatejitsu, which combines t'ai-chi, aikijitsu and other arts. In Spokane, Washington the NWTCCA classes are taught through Institute of Extended Learning in the late 1980s at the Community Colleges of Spokane by Jeff Herda Level 4 Instructor at that time and Kevin Harms Level Three Instructor, Daniel Brasher and Bernie Elmendorff and their students, Harms and Herda are both senior students of Kurland.

Tchoung prefers to use the term Sifu or Sehfu (Cantonese and Hunan Mandarin transliteration) instead of Shrfu (Beijing Mandarin harder "R"transliteration). He named several students to call themselves sifu. Sifu is a term for a certificated instructor who is a professional teacher, a teacher of teachers and also "father-teacher". In the United States only Harvey Kurland, Master Andy Dale, Master David Harris OBM, Dr. Carey Brooks and Dr. Don Scott were directly taught and certified by Grandmaster Tchoung Ta-tchen and the Chinese Tai Chi Chuan Association as competent to teach the System and to becalled Sifu. There are several related schools in Canada, Taiwan, South Africa,Germany, and Japan. Canada has the largest membership with over 3000 past and present members of CTCCA. Sifu Tim Glasheen and Sifu Laurens Lee teach at the main branch in Chinatown, see the "Instructors List", at the end ofthis page, for a complete listing of certificated, "Sifu", instructors for CTCCA.
After the recent retirement of Grandmaster Tchoung, Sifu Tim Glasheen andSifu Laurens Lee have taken over his classes teaching in the main school in Vancouver, CTCCA and other senior students teach in other locations in Canada, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Australia and Japan, see the Class Listing.

Master Andy Dale and Sifu Harvey Kurland are the only Chief Instructors currently teaching this complete system in the United States (NWTCCA). Dale and Kurland were given the complete authority to certify teachers by Tchoung.

The directly trained and authorized teachers by Grandmaster Tchoung Ta-tchenwere listed in a recent issue of WUSHU KUNGFU (see list). All CTCCA instructors are pictured in Grandmaster Tchoung's book that was released in 1995. At the next tier down, there are teachers certified by Tchoung’s chief instructors that have certificates from Tchoung Ta-tchen or his Chief Instructors.

There is a specific curriculum taught by the NWTCCA and CTCCA based on the Old Form of Yang Family Style as taught by Grandmaster Tchoung Ta-tchen.Official Instructors have complete various levels of the curriculum and passed appropriate level tests. Chief instructors (Sifu's) have passed all tests, were taught and certified directly by Grandmaster Tchoung Ta-tchen.
When Sifu Kurland went to Taiwan in 1977 he met with some of the officials ofthe Chinese T'ai Chi Ch'uan Association of Taiwan. One official was Sifu Fei PeiLiu. Sifu Fei turned out to be Grandmaster Tchoung's student and Kurland's oldert'ai-chi brother. CTCCA-T is separate from the ROC Koushu Organization which is the Shaolin ch'uan kung-fu (Koushu) organization. The Kushou Organization sponsors tournaments every year in Taiwan. He also met and worked out with t’ai-chi masters in Taiwan who were students of Grandmaster Tchoung and were teaching in Taipei including Kan-sheng Hsiao-chou. Sifu Fei later moved to California and retired.

This list was originally published in the October/November 1996 issue of Wushu Kungfu Magazine. According to CTCCA President Laurens Lee the following people are the only ones directly trained and authorized by Grandmaster Tchoung Ta-tchen to teach his system (in alphabetical order). Some have official Teaching Certificates from Tchoung Ta-tchen and the CTCCA and others do not:
United States of America, Chief Instructors (NWTCCA):
Carey Brooks
Andrew Dale
Dave Harris
Harvey Kurland
Don Scott
Canada, Chief Instructors (CTCCA):
John Camp
Patrick Carter
Peter Dickson
Eric Eastman (Leo Riccio)
Tim Glasheen
Michael Juzenas
Laurens Lee
Kim Ray
Francis Tsen

09/27/2026