10/28/2026
🦆 Zebra Mussels and the Duck Express
I was going to post this at a later time, but with the latest zebra mussel discovery at Lake Sakakawea, a few comments brought it right back to the forefront:
“But birds will spread them anyway!”
Birds can potentially transport zebra mussels. But before that becomes an excuse to abandon prevention, let’s look at what researchers actually tested and what they found.
The live duck experiment, reported in 1996
Researchers let mallards swim in infested water or pools containing concentrated zebra mussel larvae and juveniles. The ducks then walked about 8 feet into clean-water pools.
Mussels made the trip, but usually less than half a mussel per duck per trip on average. Researchers also fed ducks mussels and larvae to test survival through digestion. None survived passage through the gut in those tests.
The authors cautioned that the short walk and elevated mussel concentrations could overestimate natural transport.
The simulated flight study, published in 2016
Researchers tested larvae attaching to dead mallards. For the flight simulation, they applied larvae containing water to a dead duck, suspended it above a car with its wings extended and drove about 47 mph.
Yes, roof rack migration. Imagine explaining that one at a traffic stop. 😂
Some larvae survived the ride. However, the fishing gear tested, waders and nets, carried more larvae. Average larval survival time was roughly three times longer on that gear than on the duck.
What do these experiments actually tell us?
These were useful experiments with straightforward setups. But an 8-foot duck walk and a simulated highway flight tested transport potential. Neither demonstrated a bird establishing a new infestation in a previously uninfested lake.
Here in North Dakota, waterfowl regularly move between waters. That raises a reasonable question: how often are birds actually establishing zebra mussel populations in the lakes and ponds surrounding infested waters?
These experiments don’t answer that. A lack of documented bird-caused infestations doesn’t prove it never happens either, infestations can go undetected and their source can be difficult to identify.
But “birds might transport them” is a long way from “birds will spread them everywhere anyway.” These findings don’t justify treating prevention as pointless. The researchers themselves supported continued efforts to reduce human transport.
We can’t make a mallard pull over for an inspection. We can take responsibility for our boats and gear.
Every infestation we prevent, and every year we delay the spread, is a win.
Hunt Fish Protect