07/28/2026
Last week off the coast of Ni’ihau, Nick and I watched over 20 Hawaiian monk seals in an open-water mobbing event.
These aggressive mating pileups usually happen when a female enters estrus after weaning her pup. Unlike sea lions with land harems, solitary monk seals mate in the ocean so when multiple males converge on a single receptive female (or even a young subadult male mistakenly caught in the fray), it quickly turns into chaos. Driven by intense competition and elevated testosterone, male monk seals form tight, thrashing clusters, biting, dragging, and submerging the target seal.
While it’s often impossible to confirm the target seal’s s*x from the water during the chaos, these events represent a severe threat to the species. Females reproduce at age 5, give birth to one pup a year, and live 20 to 30 years. Because female survival is the main engine driving population recovery, losing even one female to a mobbing event is a major blow. NOAA has documented many female deaths caused by male mobbing in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. It took targeted interventions like relocating overly aggressive males to bring those numbers down and stabilize the populations. Mahalo NOAA
Seeing a mobbing event unfold in real time is a sobering reminder of the harsh survival pressures these ancient, native pinnipeds face every day.
Luckily, after an hour of relentless fighting that eventually moved toward land, this seal hauled out onto Lehua Rock with just a single 4-inch scar(I’m guessing). I’ve had a few people ask how they can help protect Hawaiian monk seals. I reached out to NOAA and they shared several local organizations that are doing real, hands-on conservation work. The Marine Mammal Center’s Ke Kai Ola Monk Seal Hospital on the Big Island provides critical care for sick, injured, and malnourished monk seals and also leads education, outreach, and haul-out management. The Marine Mammal Center Papahānaumokuākea Debris helps the monk seals by removing fishing gear and plastic pollution in Papahānaumokuākea marine national monument. (Where most of the seals live)